Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

The article presents the current issues and latest trends of the first public security policy priority – analysis is made of how public security is ensured in the field of public order. The research starts with the discussion of the legal basis for ensuring public order, primarily revealing the concept of public order as such and today’s main threats to public order. Further, analysis covers the problematic aspects of the legal protection of public order: the legal mechanisms of order protection are discussed, whether they are effective, if not effective, how the legal regulation in this field is to be perfected. Attention is also devoted to the problems of human rights protection while ensuring public order. Hereafter, an analysis is provided of the administrative aspects of ensuring public order, covering the setup of the state and municipal institutions, responsible for maintenance of public order, and problems of their activity organisation and coordination. Special attention in this work is devoted to the state-of-the-art problematic aspects of police activity organisation, to the compatibility of the functions and competences of the Public Security Service, analysis of strategic goals, to the research of the opportunities of municipality and local communities for their participation in maintaining public order. As a result in this research is emphasised the importance of decentralisation in ensuring public order; the main guidelines of modernisation in this field are presented. The authors applied general scientific methods of studying objective reality, peculiar to legal sciences: systematic document analysis, meta-analysis, structural-functional analysis, teleological, comparative, critical approach, generalisation and prediction.

Crime is an essential social problem that seriously influences the security of the society and every individual. Social security, in turn, rather closely correlates with state security. Recidivism takes an important place in the general structure of crime and is closely related with the organized crime and state security. Trying to solve the problems of crime by isolating the criminals, at the same time overlooking the gaps in legal and moral cognition, the consequences of crime are temporary prevented but the causes of this problem is often not unmade thus reinforcing the risk of recidivism. The increase of the crime rate among females becomes more topical that taking into account the role of women in the process of reproduction directly influences mental health and security of the society. That, in turn, strengthens the necessity to study the causes of female crime, as well as those determinants that deter the representatives of certain gender from the criminal action. In this regard the study of psychological preconditions in the context of gender differences can arouse interest, highlighting such component of moral and legal cognition as justice.

Consequently, as a result of implemented criminal policy liberalization in the last few years the number of convicts in Latvia has fallen sharply. Despite the fact that the range of the criminal punishment applied for adults and minors does not have a significant difference, the sharp decline in proportion of imprisonment can be explained by compulsory education measures and by forced labor, which are broadly used as criminal punishment in legal procedure of convicted minors. After conducting the analysis of criminal offences committed by minors, it can be concluded that the large amount of these criminal offences are property-related criminal offences, i.e. theft and robbery. However, the amount of violent criminal offences committed by minors, which are directed against human life and health, i.e. infliction of great bodily injuries, smurders, etc., increases with every year. The analysis of the components of crime of the criminal offenses committed by minors shows that the criminal offenses committed by minors are becoming more aggressive, more brutal and better planed, which are often directly or indirectly related to alcohol, psychotropic or narcotic substance abuse or domestic violence. This article identifies and analyses the results of the conducted study on peculiarities of execution of the sentence of imprisonment in respect of convicted minors in Latvia. This study examines the peculiarities of execution of the sentence of imprisonment in respect of convicted minors, identifies specific issues and suggests possible solutions. International standards provide that minor prisoners while being in a closed prison environment are defenseless and are at particular risk; therefore, the study obtains the status of vitally important topicality. Based on the study there has been developed a series of recommendations for the staff (of places of confinement) working with minor prisoners, as well as pointed out the necessity to make amendments to the norms of The Sentence Execution Code of Latvia.

In recent years, there has been a considerable increase of total of the total number of female prisoners. Criminal offences committed by women are becoming more aggressive, more brutal and better planed. The offences are closely related to alcohol, psychotropic or narcotic substance abuse or domestic violence. Therefore, when rendering decisions that in any way affect the conditions of incarcerated women, it is important to pay special attention to the women’s needs, namely their physical, professional, social and psychological needs. The assessment of risks and needs of the convicted women requires particular care and should be made in a tolerant manner, for it shall significantly affect the choice of the applicable social behaviour correlation tools or social rehabilitation tools and other measures that shall be the part of the convicted person’s reintegration plan to prepare the imprisoned woman for productive life in society. This article identifies and analyses of the results of the conducted study on peculiarities of execution of the sentence of imprisonment in respect of convicted women in Latvia. Based on the study there has been developed a series of recommendations for the staff (of places of confinement) working with women prisoners, as well as pointed out the necessity to make amendments to the norms of The Sentence Execution Code of Latvia.

In the article, on the basis of comparative-legal analysis, there is explored the content of concept “commercial secret”, considered the organisational, administrative (management), and legal measures of ensuring the safety of commercial secret, and criteria of referring information to commercial secret. The conditions of ensuring the confidentiality safety of commercial information, the methodology of selecting data constituting commercial secret, and information protection measures are sequentially analysed; the evaluation of the role of administrative information in competitive activity and authorization-based information access system is provided. In the article also the legal nature and kinds of agreements about confidentiality, as well as the content of some of them, measures of protection of commercial secret from disclosure, among which the main place is occupied by liability measures applied on law-breakers, and also basic questions on protection of commercial secret after termination of labour relationship with employee, are studied in details.

The concept of national security is defined as purposeful action, which is subdued to the interests of state wellbeing and inner order. State agencies and organizations are granted the rights to fulfill such kind of activities. At the same time the definition of national safety does not involve quality of life of state’s inhabitants, environment protection interests and stability of political processes in the state. The idea of national security is overlooked only from the military force alert’s view not taking into account such social phenomena as crime level in the country. The concept of national safety of Latvia is researched through the economic and demographic processes making final conclusions based on statistics.