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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cndcgs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2538-8959</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2669-2023</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>LKA</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">14_2026_HAVLIK</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47459/cndcgs.2026.14</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Unmanned Aerial Systems as a Catalyst for Artillery Kill Chain Compression: Lessons from the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>HAVLÍK</surname>
            <given-names>Tomáš</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:tomas.havlik@unob.cz">tomas.havlik@unob.cz</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_000"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_000">Department of Fire Support, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czechia</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>MUŠINKA</surname>
            <given-names>Miroslav</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_001">Department of Military Tactics and Operational Art, Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovakia</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>MIKO</surname>
            <given-names>Štefan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_002"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_002">Department of Fire Support, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czechia</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>KROMPOLC</surname>
            <given-names>František</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_003"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_003">Department of Fire Support, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czechia</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <volume>2026</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>121</fpage>
      <lpage>129</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>This paper examines the compression of the artillery kill chain in a UAS-saturated battlefield, using the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (2020) as an empirical case. Based on OSINT analysis, the kill chain is decomposed into measurable phases and their temporal intervals estimated. Results indicate a total duration of 60–120 seconds, making time a dominant tactical constraint. The findings highlight implications for artillery tactics, simulation models, and officer education within Joint Fire Support and Multi-Domain Operations. The study provides a transparent framework linking empirical observations with operational practice.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>artillery kill chain</kwd>
        <kwd>fire support</kwd>
        <kwd>Nagorno-Karabakh conflict</kwd>
        <kwd>OSINT analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>unmanned aerial systems</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
