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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cndcgs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2538-8959</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2669-2023</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>LKA</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19_2026_BILINA</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47459/cndcgs.2026.19</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Stand-Off Distance Influence on Jet Performance of 3D-Printed Shaped Charge Liners</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bilina</surname>
            <given-names>Michal</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:michal.bilina@unob.cz">michal.bilina@unob.cz</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_000"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_000">Department of Engineer Support, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vítek</surname>
            <given-names>Martin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_001">Department of Weapons and Ammunition, Faculty of Military Technology, University of Defence, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ember</surname>
            <given-names>István</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_002"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_002">Combat Support Department, Faculty of Military Sciences and Officer Training, Ludovika University of Public Service, Hungary</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rolenec</surname>
            <given-names>Ota</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_003"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_003">Department of Engineer Support, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czech Republic</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <volume>2026</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>165</fpage>
      <lpage>173</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>This paper evaluates the influence of extended stand-off distance on the performance of 3D-printed copper-filled shaped charge liners. The study follows a previous experiment in which complete perforation was achieved at stand-off distances of 0, 15, 30 and 60 mm. Two additional distances, 100 and 150 mm, were tested using the same charge configuration. The results were assessed qualitatively based on penetration morphology. Complete perforation was achieved in all cases, but the 150 mm configuration showed reduced channel regularity and probable loss of jet coherence. The most favorable morphology was observed at 60 mm.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>3D printing</kwd>
        <kwd>shaped charge</kwd>
        <kwd>CopperFill</kwd>
        <kwd>stand-off distance</kwd>
        <kwd>material extrusion</kwd>
        <kwd>EOD</kwd>
        <kwd>penetration morphology</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
