<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.0 20120330//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cndcgs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2538-8959</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2669-2023</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>LKA</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">32_2026_DOSTALOVA</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47459/cndcgs.2026.32</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Healthcare as a Battlefield of Hybrid Warfare</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>DOSTÁLOVÁ</surname>
            <given-names>Kateřina</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:katerina.dostalova@fbmi.cvut.cz">katerina.dostalova@fbmi.cvut.cz</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_000"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_000">Department of Health Sciences and Civil Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nam.
Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>JÍCHA</surname>
            <given-names>Zdeněk</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_001">Department of Health Sciences and Civil Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nam.
Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>MATĚJKA</surname>
            <given-names>Michal</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_002"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_002">Department of Health Sciences and Civil Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nam.
Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>MIKLAS</surname>
            <given-names>Lukáš</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_003"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_003">Department of Health Sciences and Civil Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nam.
Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>HUDZIETZOVÁ</surname>
            <given-names>Jana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_004"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_004">Department of Health Sciences and Civil Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nam.
Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>NAVRÁTIL</surname>
            <given-names>Leoš</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_005"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_005">Department of Health Sciences and Civil Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Nam.
Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>KOLOUCH</surname>
            <given-names>Jan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_006"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_006">Department of Law and Cybersecurity, AMBIS, Czech Republic</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <volume>2026</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>273</fpage>
      <lpage>287</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>The article analyzes the healthcare sector as a strategic target in hybrid conflicts, with a focus on cyber threats. Based on OSINT and a comparative analysis of incidents, it identifies typical attack patterns, their operational impacts, and systemic vulnerabilities in healthcare systems. The findings demonstrate that cyber incidents disrupt healthcare delivery and have broader security implications. The study emphasizes the need to integrate cybersecurity, crisis management, and the protection of sensitive patient data.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>cyber security</kwd>
        <kwd>healthcare systems</kwd>
        <kwd>hybrid threats</kwd>
        <kwd>Ukraine conflict</kwd>
        <kwd>patient data</kwd>
        <kwd>critical infrastructure</kwd>
        <kwd>military personnel</kwd>
        <kwd>resilience</kwd>
        <kwd>health law</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
