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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cndcgs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2538-8959</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2669-2023</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>LKA</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">60_BILINA</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47459/cndcgs.2026.60</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Spatial Discrepancy Analysis of Minefields Established Using Different Minelaying Methods</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>BILINA</surname>
            <given-names>Michal</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:michal.bilina@unob.cz">michal.bilina@unob.cz</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_000"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_000">Department of Engineer Support, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>PALASIEWICZ</surname>
            <given-names>Tibor</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_001">Department of Engineer Support, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>HASILOVÁ</surname>
            <given-names>Kamila</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_002"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_002">Department of Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czech Republic</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <volume>2026</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>525</fpage>
      <lpage>532</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>09</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>This study evaluates the spatial uniformity of minefields established by different minelaying methods using discrepancy-based metrics. Scatterable, row-based, and quasi-random layouts were compared in a common 200 × 200 m area for mine counts of 60, 120, and 180. Spatial quality was assessed using star discrepancy and 𝐿2-star discrepancy. The results showed that scatterable minefields achieved the highest discrepancy values, while row-based layouts performed substantially better. The most favorable results were obtained for quasi-random layouts generated by the Halton and Hammersley sequences, with the Hammersley sequence producing the lowest discrepancy overall. The findings support the use of discrepancy as an objective tool for evaluating UAV-assisted minelaying.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>minefield</kwd>
        <kwd>minelaying</kwd>
        <kwd>spatial uniformity</kwd>
        <kwd>discrepancy</kwd>
        <kwd>𝐿2-star discrepancy</kwd>
        <kwd>star discrepancy</kwd>
        <kwd>low-discrepancy sequences</kwd>
        <kwd>Halton sequence</kwd>
        <kwd>Hammersley sequence</kwd>
        <kwd>UAV minelaying</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
