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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cndcgs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2538-8959</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2669-2023</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>LKA</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">89_TERC</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47459/cndcgs.2026.89</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tools for Fact-Checking in Relation to Disinformation Activities and Their Potential for Social Use</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>TERČ</surname>
            <given-names>Michal</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_000"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_000">Pilsen City Police Headquarters, Police of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>JAKUBCOVÁ</surname>
            <given-names>Lenka</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_001">Crisis Management Department, Faculty of the Security Management, Police Academy of the Czech Republic in Prague, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>HOLUBOVÁ</surname>
            <given-names>Kristýna</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:holubova@polac.cz">holubova@polac.cz</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_002"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor3">∗∗∗</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_002">Crisis Management Department, Faculty of the Security Management, Police Academy of the Czech Republic in Prague, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>KRULÍK</surname>
            <given-names>Oldřich</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_003"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_003">Central Analysis Department, Office of the Criminal Police and Investigation, Police of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor3"><label>∗∗∗</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <volume>2026</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>759</fpage>
      <lpage>779</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>The study focuses on an indicative analysis and critical evaluation of tools and methods used for fact-checking, which represent a key instrument in combating disinformation within the contemporary media environment. In the context of the spread of false or manipulative narratives, particularly through social media and online platforms, systematic fact-checking may be one of the tools for preserving information integrity and protecting the public from harmful content. The aim of the study is to formulate recommendations, based on a constructively critical mapping of the current situation, which can contribute to more effective management of the related agenda.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>disinformation</kwd>
        <kwd>hybrid campaign</kwd>
        <kwd>media literacy</kwd>
        <kwd>fact-checking</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
