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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cndcgs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2538-8959</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2669-2023</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>LKA</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">143__PALASIEWICZ</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47459/cndcgs.2026.143</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Simulation Analysis of the Combined Effects of Counter-mobility Measures and Firepower in Military Operations</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>PALASIEWICZ</surname>
            <given-names>Tibor</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:tibor.palasiewicz@unob.cz">tibor.palasiewicz@unob.cz</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_000"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_000">Department of Engineer Support, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>BILINA</surname>
            <given-names>Michal</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_001">Department of Engineer Support, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>ŽIŽKA</surname>
            <given-names>Pavel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_002"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_002">Department of Engineer Support, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czech Republic</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>ZÁLESKÝ</surname>
            <given-names>Jaroslav</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_003"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_003">Department of Engineer Support, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Czech Republic</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <volume>2026</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>1229</fpage>
      <lpage>1236</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Obstacles alone may not be sufficient to stop or destroy a target completely, but they can degrade its mobility. This helps to make firepower more effective. This study examines when using both counter-mobility measures (CM) and firepower effects (JF) together yields greater effectiveness than using them separately. Monte Carlo simulations in MATLAB 2025a were used to compare CM, JF, and CM+JF. The comparison is based on the probability of detection (PD) and the weapon system availability rate (WSAR). Synergy is measured in two ways: (i) Ddiff, which shows how many more targets are destroyed with CM+JF compared to using CM and JF separately, and (ii) the index S, which shows the total effect of CM+JF compared to the sum of the CM and JF effects. The results showed positive synergy in most cases, with 44 of the 50 combinations having a positive lower bound for the 95% confidence intervals of Ddiff.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>counter-mobility measures</kwd>
        <kwd>enemy delay</kwd>
        <kwd>firepower</kwd>
        <kwd>integrated defense</kwd>
        <kwd>Monte Carlo method</kwd>
        <kwd>multi-domain operations</kwd>
        <kwd>non-additivity</kwd>
        <kwd>simulation experiment</kwd>
        <kwd>synergy</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
