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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cndcgs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2538-8959</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2669-2023</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>LKA</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">152_WIECKIEWICZ</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47459/cndcgs.2026.152</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Operation of Polish Armed Forces Artillery on the Multi-Domain Battlefield</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>WIĘCKIEWICZ</surname>
            <given-names>Łukasz</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:lukasz.wieckiewicz@awl.edu.pl">lukasz.wieckiewicz@awl.edu.pl</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_000"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_000">Department of Missile Forces and Artillery, General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces, Poland</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>GOLONKA</surname>
            <given-names>Adrian</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_001">Department of Missile Forces and Artillery, General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces, Poland</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>MATERAC</surname>
            <given-names>Janusz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_cndcgs_aff_002"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_cndcgs_aff_002">Department of Missile Forces and Artillery, General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces, Poland</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <volume>2026</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>1300</fpage>
      <lpage>1307</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>The paper examines the role of Polish artillery in a multi-domain battlefield. It uses literature and doctrinal analysis to assess how integration across land, air, sea, space, cyber, and cognitive domains affects artillery effectiveness. Findings show that artillery is increasingly dependent on interoperability, information flow, and systemic resilience. The study highlights new threats and opportunities, including A2/AD development. It concludes that multi-domain integration, rather than firepower alone, determines future combat effectiveness.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>multi-domain operations</kwd>
        <kwd>polish artillery</kwd>
        <kwd>military transformation</kwd>
        <kwd>interoperability</kwd>
        <kwd>fire support</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
