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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jssi</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2029-7025</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2029-7017</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>LKA</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">14_KOZICKI-12</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47459/jssi.2022.12.14</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Forecasting of Salaries in European Countries in Terms of Economic Security</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-952X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Kozicki</surname>
            <given-names>Bartosz</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:bartosz.kozicki@wat.edu.pl">bartosz.kozicki@wat.edu.pl</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jssi_aff_000"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">∗</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_jssi_aff_000">Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-064X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Tomaszewska</surname>
            <given-names>Aleksandra</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:aleksandra.tomaszewska1405@gmail.com">aleksandra.tomaszewska1405@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jssi_aff_001"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_jssi_aff_001">University of Edinburgh, UK</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-6948</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jaśkiewicz</surname>
            <given-names>Paweł</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:pawel.jaskiewicz@wat.edu.pl">pawel.jaskiewicz@wat.edu.pl</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jssi_aff_002"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_jssi_aff_002">Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-3754</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Topolewski</surname>
            <given-names>Stanisław</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:stanislaw.topolewski@uph.edu.pl">stanislaw.topolewski@uph.edu.pl</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jssi_aff_003"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_jssi_aff_003">University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Poland</aff>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5149-7908</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lubiewski</surname>
            <given-names>Paweł</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:href="mailto:pawel.lubiewski@onet.eu">pawel.lubiewski@onet.eu</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_jssi_aff_004"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_jssi_aff_004">WSB Academy in Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author.</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <volume>12</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>171</fpage>
      <lpage>182</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>24</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>The multidimensional comparative analysis and the forecasting of minimum salaries in 21 European countries were conducted in the study. The research began with the ranking of the data, the amount of salary rates taken as a basis, the rise expressed in euro and the values of dynamics indices on a constant base. Then the data was aggregated. The time series of the lowest salaries in 21 European countries was analyzed and evaluated. Thus, regularities were observed that were used to select the Holt-Winters’ exponential smoothing method for the forecasting of these salaries. The obtained forecasts were analyzed and evaluated with the use of indices, such as forecasting errors.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>costs</kwd>
        <kwd>salaries</kwd>
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>multidimensional comparative analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>economic security</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="JEL">
        <label>JEL</label>
        <kwd>C51</kwd>
        <kwd>E31</kwd>
        <kwd>E37</kwd>
        <kwd>E64</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
