The authors researched the functional peculiarities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in the context of ensuring the national economic security of the state. They provided the overview of scientific approaches to defining notions «border security» and «operational and service activities». The main regulatory documents, which were adopted depending on the period of functioning of the state law enforcement body to ensure inviolability of the state borders, have been indicated. The authors highlighted the essence of the operational and service activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine by defining key functions of this law enforcement body and revealing the distinctive features of each of them. They also identified priority areas for the implementation of joint operations to provide border security under the Strategy of the Integrated Border Management for the period up to 2025. Particular attention was put to the rules of some regulatory documents of current Ukrainian legislation, which specify the peculiarities of operational and service activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, the issues of structural construction of this law enforcement body, the formation of its personnel, etc. The article contains the results of operational and service activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine according to the database of February 20, 2020. The means of ensuring the economic security of the national economy have been systematized by the customs of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which allowed identifying existing threats in the field of foreign economic activity, generalizing the problems in the customs regulation system.