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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mz</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Mūsų žinynas: karo mokslo, karinio rengimo ir ugdymo žurnalas</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2783-7963</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2783-7955</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>LKA</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">3_GRACHAUSKAS</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47459/mz.2026.41.1.3</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Modern Warfare Tendencies and Implications for the Baltic Region: Adapting to a New Era of Conflict</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Grachauskas</surname>
            <given-names>Lt. Col. Andriejus</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="j_mz_aff_000"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="j_mz_aff_000">Chief of Center for Military Thought, General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania</aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>41</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>54</fpage>
      <lpage>96</lpage>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access">
          <license-p>Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY)</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>This article argues that the character of war has shifted toward cheap, smart mass—drones across air, sea, and land—integrated into fast kill-webs that compress detect-decide-deliver cycles. Layered ground-based air defense (guns / lasers / SHORAD / MRAD) and rigorous counter-UAS have displaced assumptions of persistent air dominance and restored affordable protection against swarms and cruise missiles. The electromagnetic spectrum now decides outcomes: forces that train “GPS-degraded by default,” enforce EMCON, and field EW-resilient control (including fiber-optic / tethered links) retain combat effectiveness. Maneuver endures but is conditional—successful advances SEAD, engineer breaching, smoke/ EW screens, deception, and drone overwatch to exploit narrow windows. Industry has re-entered strategy: sustained conflict rewards states that can produce, repair, and reload at scale (from 155 mm and interceptors to FPV kits and USVs/ UGVs). AI is a cross-cutting enabler today—improving C-UAS detection/ classification, target correlation, spectrum sensing, and predictive sustainment—while remaining human-on-the-loop. Evidence from Ukraine and Israel shows fusion in practice: drones to blind and fix; precision deep fires (e.g., ATACMS, Storm Shadow) to shatter high-value targets; and aviation and/ or maneuver to break through and / or finish.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <label>Keywords</label>
        <kwd>drone warfare (air / sea / land)</kwd>
        <kwd>Air and Missile Defense</kwd>
        <kwd>Counter-UAS (C-UAS)</kwd>
        <kwd>Electronic Warfare (EW)</kwd>
        <kwd>Multi-Domain Operations (MDO)</kwd>
        <kwd>Precision strike &amp; deep fires</kwd>
        <kwd>Maneuver</kwd>
        <kwd>Baltic region</kwd>
        <kwd>kill-web integration</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
