A good knowledge of terrain characteristics and movement possibilities within it are crucial conditions for operations success. If a commander and his staff have enough information about the terrain, he can optimize a combat formation and its movement in an open terrain. Such as optimization can finally spare manpower as well as equipment and decrease probability of loss of life. This paper deals with a complex mathematical model of terrain passability, which respects both geographical and meteorological conditions in the terrain and with its adaptation to calculation in the environment of geographic information systems (GIS). Such a model can be directly implied into command and control system to support decision-making processes.
The main problem of an off-road vehicle movement in an open terrain consists in considering the properties of a given surface; also, technical properties of a particular off-road vehicle have to be considered. The model of terrain passability is based on measurable factors that characterize the natural environment, which is possible to calculate using the data saved in GIS databases. While calculating parameters for a complex model, it is necessary to consider data quality, which influences the level of vagueness of the resulting calculations. In order to express this level of vagueness, a method of fuzzy functions was selected and applied while calculating the individual deceleration coefficients given by the natural factors. The method of cost map was selected for the final evaluation of possibilities of vehicles movement. The complete procedure was debugged in the environment of ArcGIS 10.
Mining and metals production sector (MMPS) of Ukraine is one of the basic for the state’s economy. The sector’s output, as well as the gradual increase in production, gives reason for taking a favorable view of its development prospects. Until the mid-90s MMPS of Ukraine key representatives were separate companies that operated as independent legal entities. However, during 1999-2004 the MMPS enterprises integration into the structure of major private transnational financial industrial groups took place. Large-scale consolidation of major enterprises that occurred in order to adapt to market conditions contributed to the emergence of business combination referred to as holding company. In the future, Ukrainian iron and steel companies’ competitiveness in the world market will be largely determined by the scope of their participation in the global consolidation processes. Their future directly depends on the rate of large corporations’ formation and restructuring, including changes in the mechanisms of corporate governance. This is one of the most important ways to improve the efficiency of the national iron and steel industry.
While labour market research is not a new phenomenon, interest in it is growing. Literature frequently discusses changes in the market as separate disciplines, isolated from each other. On the other hand, it can be found that more and more scientists understand and choose interdisciplinary research as a powerful tool for understanding, critique, explanation and change. But some of these approaches have difficulty accounting for change and the co- existence of similarity and diversity, as well as being ‘gender blind’.
This article critically reviews a range of theoretical approaches to employment research and practice using the lens of feminism. The appropriate integration of gender awareness into mainstream theorizing, is advocated alongside its separate development. In addition, in this article we provide a multidisciplinary approach and attempt to integrate important aspects (knowledge, education, entrepreneurship, self-employment and informality, employment and globalization) that the analysis of labour market and research puts forward. In the light of this assessment, this paper sets out to indicate potentially useful approaches for conducting employment research in the future, where gender is a core component of analysis. Such approach aims to act as a catalyst to provoke a more extensive debate on this topic.