The Gade Clean and Gold is one of the forms of CSR program (Corporate Social Responsibility) of a state-owned enterprise of pawnshop company in addressing the waste problem in Indonesia. The program allows the public to exchange waste in the waste bank that has been established by the pawnshop with gold savings. The research aims to examines the role of The Gade Clean and Gold program in the society’s economic empowerment that is based on environmental hygiene. This study is conducted using descriptive analytics method, based on interview, desk study, and field observation. The results of this paper showed that The Gade Clean and Gold was successful in raising people’s interest in investing in sustainable economies as well as increasing public awareness of the environment.
The presence of organized crime strongly affects sustainable waste management in Italy. In particular, illegal trafficking of waste has become one of the fastest growing areas of crime and one of the most lucrative industries among organized criminal activities, which has now infiltrated both the Italian urban and hazardous waste management cycle. In this study, we aim to investigate the determinants of the illegal trafficking of waste using waste, economic, and enforcement data in a panel analysis over the period 2002-2013. The topic is particularly relevant, given the high heterogeneity across Italian regions which also relates, and eventually leads, to different environmental performances. Our main findings reveal that, in most Italian regions, enforcement activities do not exert a significant deterrence on criminal behaviors; a negative relationship between enforcement and illegal trafficking of waste can be identified only for very high levels of enforcement efforts. Moreover, we find that the major determinants influencing the rate of illegal trafficking of waste differ between northern-central and southern regions, confirming the existence of a regional dualism. In particular, while in the northern-central area the crime rate is positively related to the level of education and negatively to the adoption of environmentally sound policies, in southern regions the organized activities for illegal trafficking are negatively related to the degree of education attainment and positively to the endowment of waste management plants.