Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

The article aims to present financial analysis in determining the possibilities of human capital development, i.e., increase in the value of an enterprise through development of human capital. The market value of an enterprise is to a large extent dependent on its intellectual capital, including human capital. It may be said that human capital constitutes a ground for an enterprise’s development through work, creativity in operation, adjustment to a fast-evolving environment. Emphasizing the importance of the above content, as “hidden” assets of the enterprise, human capital is not fully included in the company’s financial reporting. Despite the often enormous intangible contribution into preparation, use of complex methods for selecting the right employees, implementation of an incentive system, performance evaluation and staff development, organizational procedures that absorb a series of activities to ensure growth of the company’s value and which should be included in its financial statements, are underestimated.

National security and sustainability are the main priority of any state. Therefore the Republic of Lithuania as well as any other state follows its National Security Strategy which establishes the interests of national security, directions of its evolution, the security and defence policy in general, means and types of risk factors and threats to the national security. This study investigates the issues of legal preparation in the military high school. The topical issues directly related to the national defence and security which arise in the run of the training course for the military, especially junior leaders at the institution of higher education in the sphere of providing them with the basic legal knowledge, are presented and examined in the article. In the process of training and upbringing of a junior leader more attention is paid to their professional skills and competencies, and a leader’s and subordinate’s personality, therefore, a system of legal preparation and training provided for students of this kind of educational institutions, its role and degree of influence on personal qualities of a future leader have not yet been studied and described in scientific publications. The above mentioned observations determined the rationale for choosing the topic for the research paper. Its relevance is without doubt. It has been concluded that a leader who is politically correct and competent in the legal sphere can ensure that the decisions made are well-reasoned, consistent and adequate, and they are aimed at the elimination of possible disagreements which might emerge in the sphere of human resource management, management of military units in the run of resolving their daily tasks, holding negotiations at any levels, as well as enhancement of the army’s defensive power in general.

The development of clusters contributes to the growth of agriculture and processing industry of the republic. The use of the cluster approach corresponds to the nature of agricultural products, which needs processing and timely marketing and delivery to consumers. One of the goals of cluster formation in food production and business development in interrelated industries, along with increasing the competitiveness of national agribusiness products, should be to ensure the safety of final products for consumer health. Agriculture should ensure the safety of the raw materials supplied, food engineering – the safety of equipment on which food products will be manufactured, packaging production – the safety of packaging in contact with foodstuffs.

The individual principles of the cyclical course of economic processes in modern economic conditions were considered. The existing theories of economic (business) cycles were analyzed. The financial economy was defined as a component of the security of financial flows. The factors of strengthening (weakening) of the interaction of financial flows in the economy and their safe movement support were characterized. The effect of multiplication of financial flows for individual stages of the economic cycle was disclosed. The specifics of complex security of the movement of financial flows in industrial and financial economies were studied. A comparative characteristic of industrial and financial economies was carried out according to a number of criteria.

In the Middle East, vast oil reserves led to economic modernization and prosperity in the region. However, it is one of the most conflict-prone regions. This paper studies the relationship between military spending, oil and development in Middle Eastern countries using a panel data fixed effect for country-level observations over the period 1986–2016. The relationship between development and conflict will not be uniform throughout the region. Therefore, to test this hypothesis, the study categorized oil exporting countries into three parts that are countries with above average oil export, below average oil export and no oil export. The estimates show a significant reduction in military spending over time and the most declines were observed in the countries where oil export is above average than the Middle East. The results indicate a significant inverse relationship between the military spending with exports and oil rents in overall Middle East analysis and for countries whose average oil export is greater than the Middle East. It is also found that the military burden adversely affects economic growth across all the model specification. However, military spending is declining over time which indicates that there is a reverse causality between development and conflict. It is crucial finding in the context of peace and development literature.

The essence of economic and social security as a national and supranational category has been substantiated. The influence of political, economic and social factors on the condition of national and European security has been investigated. Priorities of the economic component of security have been defined: energy security, foreign trade and innovation-investment security, social security. The dialectical interrelationships of economic and social security have been established. The trends in economic and social security have been defined.

Public administration is a set of state institutions that mainly exercises the functions of the executive body (rather than legislative or judicial) in accordance with the law. Public administration includes the Cabinet of Ministers, institutions subordinate to the Cabinet of Ministers as well as other independent institutions. The aim of the research is to analyse the historical development of the Cabinet of Ministers and ministries, to emphasize the main stages of development of public administration, while highlighting the problems that existed both during the period of Latvia’s first independence as well as after the restoration of the state and seeking the best possible solutions for the further development of public administration. The study will use descriptive, dogmatic, historical, comparative and analytical research methods.

This paper is focused on the current state of opinions and positions on issues of education and development of commanders within the Lithuanian and Austrian Armed Forces. The contribution presents the results of a questionnaire survey entitled „Analysis of current situation, opinions and attitudes to the issue of education and development of military commanders (managers) of chosen subjects in subordination of the National Defence System of Lithuania“and „Analysis of current situation (opinions, attitudes) of the issue of education and developmet of managers (military leaders) of chosen subjects in subordination of the Austrian Armed Forces“. The selected areas provide a current overview of the opinions and attitudes of the views of awareness and opportunities for consultation, development of managerial skills and leadership managing at the beginning effect on the function, development needs, barriers, educational and development activities attendance and integration of new elements to training. Attention is paid to the methodology of Crew Resouce Management from a civilian and military point of view, its history, focus, aplication, etc. This paper focuses on the use of CRM at United States Navy and Marine Corps, United States Air Force, United States Army, United States Coast Guard and other world´s military services.

A possible sustainable growth of the financial sector due to the development of activity of credit unions is being examined in this paper. Moreover the analysis of contemporary credit unions conceptions and problems of management improvement are performed. In addition theoretical priorities for credibility and international capabilities of credit unions are presented. A sketch of some actual theories is being performed and methods for analysis of credit unions’ activities are particularly composed. Following method of improvement of observational research was performed in this paper. In order to evaluate common tendencies of activities of the credit unions in the World and particularly in the European Union the financial institutions’ legal regulations are specially surveyed. Furthermore legal regulations of credit unions are analyzed in practice for local and international credit unions of Lithuania. The preliminary evaluation of the credit unions activity in the circumstances of contemporary waves of the financial crisis is presented. After examining available and possible theoretical and practical aspects the assumptions from the analyzed material are proposed. The article discusses the development of credit unions and the factors affecting the credit union managers approach to the credit union system development prospects. Despite an occurrence of the recent commercial banks global situation concerning the possible disappointment of consumers - credit unions are one of the best institutions for further financial sustainability in the retail credit markets. An object of this research is credit unions and some other self-credit institutions. In addition the accumulated global information from the cooperative financial institutions is overviewed.

The aim of this article is to formulate hypotheses about the impact of the foreign direct investment (FDI) on sustainable development indicators of differently developed countries with reference to the relevant scientific literature. The impact of foreign direct investment on development and facets of sustainable development has been discussed in this article. After the review of the relevant scientific literature some consistent patterns have been identified, what, finally, led to the formulation of initial hypotheses. The countries were grouped according to the level of their development. A set of sustainable development indicators reflecting different facets of sustainability and sensitive to countries’ development level has been distinguished. The following indicators have been considered as relevant for inclusion into the set, which would be used for estimation of FDI impact on enhancing well-being in the unevenly developed countries: GDP, exports, inflation, population, life expectancy at birth, primary school pupils, infant mortality, total health expenditure per capita, total tax rate, internet users, and residential consumption of electricity). As this article is focused for the long-term perspective of FDI impact on sustainable development, it was based on three aspects of sustainable development: economic, social and environmental. Series of hypothesis have been formulated in this paper.