Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

The article deals with the study of the financial security of the state as a component of its national security. It has been established that financial security is state’s ability to react in an adequate and immediate way to internal and external negative financial influences in peacetime and in emergency situations, in particular in the context of a hybrid war. It has been established that the components of the financial security of the state are banking, debt, budget, currency and monetary security. It has been found out that corruption, financial and economic crime, hybrid war, fiscal decentralization, and lack of a strategy to protect the financial and economic interests of the state are threats to the financial security of the states in the present conditions. At the same time, proper protection of the financial security of the state against internal and external threats is possible only in case of quality management of the financial and economic sphere, first of all, this is the identification of threats to the financial security of the state, conducting of financial control, and counteraction and combating against financial and economic crimes, which is the task of law enforcement agencies. The development of the idea of creating a single law enforcement agency of Ukraine empowered to prevent, detect, suspend and investigate financial and economic crimes was considered. For comparison, attention was drawn to foreign experience, namely Italy, Romania, Macedonia, Austria, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, for which the activity of such law enforcement agencies is already established practice. The positive aspects which can be implemented in Ukraine as well as in other countries, intending to create a new law enforcement entity, were emphasized.

The article examins the concept of the defense-industrial complex as the basis of the national security of the state, peculiarities of its structure and functioning in different countries of the world, as well as issues related the current state and reforms in Ukraine. In particular, the essence of the concept of defense-industrial complex is determined by researching the scientific points of view of both foreign and Ukrainian scientists. Peculiarities of the structure and functioning of the defense-industrial complex in countries like the USA, France, Italy, Great Britain, Sweden, China, India and Germany were studied. It was shown which state organs in Ukraine are responsible for production and supply (sales) of weapons and military equipment. The legal status of the State Concern “Ukroboronprom” as an important component of the defense-industrial complex of Ukraine has been determined. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the strategy of development of the defense-industrial complex of Ukraine for the period till 2028, its main purpose and priority directions are highlighted. Key strategic goals and key strategic initiatives in the State Concern “Ukroboronprom” reform strategy are highlighted, with the aim of achieving close international cooperation in the framework of innovative tendencies and improvement of the legal framework by bringing the legislation norms to the world standards. Problematic issues in the defense industry of Ukraine that need to be addressed in order to improve the efficiency and consistency of this sector of economy were identified.

The article is devoted to study of information security as a challenge of modern development of information and computer technologies. It was found that achievement of a satisfactory level of information security, which is a state of safety of balanced important interests of an individual, society and state against internal and external threats in the information sphere, is possible based on economic, organizational, technical, legal, psychological and other methods. Existing threats to the information security in Ukraine have been identified. The concept and essence of hybrid war as one of the threats to protection of information interests of an individual, society and the state are considered separately. A conclusion was made about the expediency of supplementing the Information Security Doctrine of Ukraine with such a threat as a hybrid war, which actually takes place in the east of the country. A system of information security components in Ukraine has been disclosed, among which a particular attention has been paid to the Ministry of Information Policy of Ukraine and the State Agency for Electronic Governance of Ukraine. In order to improve the mechanism of protection of the information space of Ukraine, it is proposed to differentiate at the legislative level the concepts of “information security” and “cybersecurity”, since their understanding is the basis for the formulation and implementation of the state information policy, improve international cooperation between states to exchange experience, as well as to involve general public to protect the information space.

The article is devoted to the study of the state environmental security in national and globalization aspects. It has been established that the environmental security of the state is a status of every person’s security, society, state and nature from excessive danger to the environment, i.e. the preservation and protection of vital activity, individual’s interests and his environment from negative anthropogenic and natural consequences, which is an important component of the state security. It is established that together with the concept of “environmental security” there is a concept of “environmental modernization” as overcoming of negative impacts on environment from the industrial society by transformation of the latter with help of the latest technologies. The existing threats to Ukraine’s environmental security, identified in the National Security Strategy of Ukraine in 2015 have been determined. The need for additional attention to the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine was emphasized as one of the threats to the states’s economic security, which is in line with the provisions of the United Nations Resolution “Environmental Protection in Areas Affected by Armed Conflict”. It is noted that the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources only formally fulfills the task of assessing the environmental status, unlike Finland and Sweden. The issue of public participation of Ukraine in environmental management is still debatable, as defined by the Law of Ukraine “On Environmental Protection”, it remains only formal, although, for example, the public is actively involved in the management of this field in China. Accordingly, it was proposed not only compliting tasks by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources to develop a single list of indicators at EU level for assessing the environment status, but also to involve the public in full participation in environmental management.

The article is devoted to the study of cybersecurity as a component of the national security of the state. It has been established that the development of information and telecommunication technologies testifies to the progress of society but also determines the security risks of their use. In particular, this refers to a cyberattack and other cyberthreats. It has been determined that cybersecurity should be understood as the protection of the vital interests of a person and citizen, society and the state when using cyberspace. An important role in ensuring such a security is played by the cyberthreat protection mechanism, which provides for the development and adoption of a cybersecurity strategy, the creation of a national cybersecurity system, strengthening of the security and defense sector’s capabilities to effectively combat military cyberthreats, cyberterrorism, and ensuring cyberprotection of state electronic information resources and information infrastructure. The existence of the Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine and other acts as the legal basis for countering cyberthreats has been noted. In turn, the national cybersecurity system provides for the activities of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, the National Bank of Ukraine, and intelligence agencies. In turn, in France, Finland, Germany, the central place in the cybersecurity system belongs to the National Cybersecurity Agency, the National Cybersecurity Center, and the Cyberdefense Center, respectively. Despite Ukraine’s significant steps towards increasing cybersecurity in the state, there is no public-private cooperation in this area. Due to this, authorized entities should establish cooperation with the non-state sector and establish effective institutional and legal instruments for such cooperation. At the same time, the issue of public-private cooperation in the field of cybersecurity is relevant for all states of the world in view of the global nature of existing cyberthreats.

The science article is dedicated to the actual problem reinforcement and reformation the system of information security in counties that relate to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The main threatens to country’s information security has been defined, the analytical grouping of problems by level of complexity and prognostication calamity have been made. The process algorithm for ensuring eternal operation of the information security system under the pressure of information threaten was elaborated. The critical components of NATO information infrastructure was well-defined.