Over the past ten years, Western defence analysts have assumed that, in any hypothetical war, Russia would be substantially, if not entirely, a sanctuary from NATO operations and even attacks. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has challenged this assumption for two main reasons: it is implausible to defend one’s country effectively without striking into the enemy’s territory; and Ukraine has successfully struck and even invaded Russia without provoking nuclear escalation. Western hesitation toward hypothetical strikes on Russia is increasingly strained under these pressures, yet little dedicated analysis has emerged to evaluate the consequences of granting or denying Russia sanctuary. The article first explores the concept of sanctuary as such and the modern literature that implicitly or explicitly assumes Russia would be a sanctuary in case of war. Second, it discusses the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, Ukraine’s campaign against Russia itself and, implicitly, Western hesitations about targeting Russia. Finally, it engages with the various military, strategic, and political considerations of extending or not extending sanctuary to Russia.
Šiame straipsnyje strateginiu požiūriu aptariama Baltijos šalių gynyba, pagrindinį dėmesį skiriant trims Rusijos agresijos prieš Baltijos šalis scenarijams: 1) užmaskuotai invazijai, kurią Vakarai pavadintų hibridiniu karu, 2) staigiai Rusijos karinių vienetų, jau esančių Baltijos regione arba aplink jį, invazijai ir 3) parengtai invazijai, kurią įvykdytų gausesnės Rusijos pajėgos, iš kitų Rusijos vietovių permestos į vietą, iš kurios Baltijos šalys joms lengvai pasiekiamos. Pagrindinis dėl kiekvieno scenarijaus kylantis klausimas: ar susiklosčius šiam konkrečiam scenarijui Rusija turėtų įgyvendinamą strategiją, ar jis galėtų tapti įtikinama Rusijos sėkmės teorija? Kiekvienas scenarijus analizuojamas karinės praktikos arba taktikos požiūriu, tuomet politikos požiūriu, o vėliau jie kartu aptariami strateginiu požiūriu. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad nei užmaskuota invazija, nei staigi invazija negali tapti tikroviškomis Rusijos sėkmės teorijomis, o parengta invazija iš tiesų gali būti laikoma įtikinama pergalės teorija.
This article considers Baltic defence strategically, focusing on three scenarios of Russian aggression against the Baltic states: 1) an ambiguous invasion, what the West would call a hybrid war; 2) a hasty invasion by Russian formations already in and around the Baltic region; and 3) a prepared invasion by more substantial Russian forces brought within striking distance of the Baltic states from other parts of Russia. The ultimate question for each is: does this particular scenario present Russia with a viable strategy, a convincing theory of success? Each scenario is explored through the perspectives of military practice or tactics, then politics, and then synthesized through a strategic perspective. The article argues that neither the ambiguous invasion nor the hasty invasion scenarios provide convincing theories of success for Russia, whereas the prepared invasion does provide a compelling theory of victory.