Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

The paper examines the economic and institutional determinants of the defense industry in the transformed security environment, emphasizing the sector’s importance for national defense. It assesses the implementation of the European Union (EU) Defense Industry Program in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, focusing on implementation challenges, the role of multinational firms, and issues surrounding dual-use technologies. The research question asks which economic determinants influence program implementation and contribute to the EU’s economic and political security. The Program’s establishment within the EU’s first defense industry strategy marks a pivotal milestone for enhancing preparedness and the competitiveness of Europe’s defense technology and industrial base. Methodologically, the study combines qualitative and quantitative approaches.

The present study examined the communication sources used in the personnel marketing of the University of Defence, the content of the university's website, and the perceived reactions of family members to the intention to study at the university. The study draws on data obtained from a questionnaire survey conducted among prospective students during the university's Open Days, that is, prior to the submission of their applications. The findings indicate that electronic sources, in particular the university website, are the most frequently used sources of information. The majority of prospective students who visited the website were able to obtain the information they required. The reactions of family members to prospective applicants' intention to study at the University of Defence are predominantly positive. However, they also express concerns about the applicants. The originality of the article lies in the fact that this issue has not yet been examined, thereby enabling more targeted use of specific communication tools within the personnel marketing of the University of Defence.

The paper examines the development of the ethical values of student soldiers preparing for service through university studies before the 2022 war in Ukraine and following the initiation of Russia's war against Ukraine in 2024. The research problem focused on verifying the hypothesis of whether Russia's aggression against Ukraine influenced a change in the ethical values of 280 respondents from several countries. The ethical values of soldiers preparing for service through studies at the University of Defence in the Czech Republic were analyzed. Furthermore, selected ethical values were analyzed among student soldiers from Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Austria, and Lithuania who completed a one-semester study stay at the University of Defence in the Czech Republic. Given the established research objectives, a quantitatively oriented empirical survey was employed. Data collection was conducted through questionnaire-based inquiries. The research indicates that ethical values gain significance during times of conflict and that there is no substantial difference in preferences among respondents from the selected countries.

This paper is partly devoted to defining economic warfare and its position in the system of international relations. The role of economic warfare in shaping internal and external policies of s country is described in selected examples using the historical-logical method. The article provides a typology of the elements of trade warfare. Based on the analysis of selected determinants, the latest facts of trade warfare after the year 2015 are analysed. The treatise concludes: a trade war in one sector of the economy may spread into other sectors, whereas economic warfare is a priori waged against an economy.