Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

Sustaining professional military service is a critical challenge for small NATO member states facing prolonged security pressures and demographic constraints. This study examines the determinants of long‑term professional military service sustainability in the Lithuanian Armed Forces, situating personnel retention within a broader defense sustainability and resilience framework. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 207 professional military service soldiers serving in the Infantry Battalion. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to assess the incremental contribution of structural, organizational, attitudinal, and personal factors to soldiers’ intention to remain in long‑term service. The results indicate that working environment quality provides an essential structural foundation for retention, while professional satisfaction significantly enhances commitment to continued service. Most notably, personal values and family influence emerged as the strongest predictor of long‑term retention intentions, substantially increasing the explanatory power of the model. Organizational and career‑related factors showed indirect effects when more proximal determinants were considered. The findings suggest that sustainable professional military service depends not only on favourable service conditions and organizational practices but, above all, on value alignment and family support. These results underscore the importance of integrating social sustainability considerations into defence human resource policies to strengthen long‑term force resilience.

In 2021, the South Moravia region of the Czech Republic was dealing with the aftermath of tornado. This extraordinary event, which is not very frequent in the Czech Republic, was associated with the implementation of a considerable amount of efforts aimed at rescue, liquidation and subsequent recovery work. Using this emergency as an example, it can be stated that it is evident that climatic and meteorological conditions are changing significantly in connection with global climate change and are also affecting the territory of the Czech Republic. It is therefore very realistic to expect that the occurrence of emergencies associated with surprising and often difficult to predict emergencies will become more and more common, and it is therefore necessary to constantly prepare, not only at the level of public authorities, but also at the level of school facilities. The main body of the article focuses on the specification of proposals and measures that could be taken in any municipality affected by such or similar emergencies. Not only the proposals related to the implementation of recovery (technical) works, but also to the protection of the population, especially in the field of its education, have been elaborated in detail. Increasing the level of education and preparedness of the population can make a significant contribution to better managing the impact of emergencies of the same or similar nature.

The regional and local impacts of the restrictive measures taken to mitigate the covid-19 crisis are highly heterogeneous and have significant consequences for the efficiency of society’s functioning, the emergency management of the state administration, and the political responses of the governing parties. The paper deals with the assessment of threats and risks resulting from the restrictive measures of the government as part of the solution to the pandemic crisis situation in the Czech Republic (CR). The aim of the authors is to identify the most serious threats and risks that can affect the democracy and internal security of the CR during a pandemic and to propose recommendations for their mitigation. To assess the defined threats and risks, a point semi-quantitative method was used, working with values for probability, impact and the opinion of evaluators, called the PCE method (Probability, Consequences, Evaluator). Out of the twenty assessed threats, a group of evaluators identified the eight most serious ones, using the PCE method.

Nowadays, filtration barrier materials are more often used for providing with long-term protection of the Czech Armed Forces professionals and Fire Rescue Brigades specialists against the effects of toxic compounds. A comprehensive study provided authors with evaluation of their protective properties’ qualitative changes in connection with knowledge development of possibilities of sensor technologies at this time. A solution usable for an electronic detection of the moment of water permeation or a liquid phase of other test chemicals (penetration) through construction materials of a filtration type or permeable barrier materials which are or perspectively can be used for protection against the effects of toxic compounds has been recently proposed. The aim of the solution is to replace a current used subjective way of the visual observation of water or other test chemicals penetration through textile materials used in anti-gas protection with the objective observation of the moment of test chemicals permeation (time of drench) with the help of a conductivity sensor with a possibility of an automatic record of the rate of penetration with the employment of the KONDUKTOTEST device.

In the paper there are described main modernization trends of face masks. Main construction signs of the fourth-generation masks are introduced in an introductory part. The attention is devoted mainly to masks that can be ordered into a group of the fifth mask generation in further text. A description of development trends is demonstrated on main parts of the facial mask.

A good knowledge of terrain characteristics and movement possibilities within it are crucial conditions for operations success. If a commander and his staff have enough information about the terrain, he can optimize a combat formation and its movement in an open terrain. Such as optimization can finally spare manpower as well as equipment and decrease probability of loss of life. This paper deals with a complex mathematical model of terrain passability, which respects both geographical and meteorological conditions in the terrain and with its adaptation to calculation in the environment of geographic information systems (GIS). Such a model can be directly implied into command and control system to support decision-making processes.