Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

Hospital health services are essentially provided through the use of medication and care. However, medicines are the main cause of undesirable things in hospitals due to the fact that mistakes in prescriptions do not only affect patients but also the reputation of hospitals and health workers. This has, therefore, led to the focus on the problem of responsibility on the part of healthcare providers and the protection of patients. The purpose of this study was to provide information on medication errors, understanding the legal protection of patients after a negative effect and loss, as well as the role of pharmacy and health workers regarding drug prescriptions in hospitals. The results encompassed the forms of criminal, civil and administrative responsibility from pharmacists, nurses, and doctors except for delegate nurses. It further revealed that standard operating procedures are needed, either on drugs or more comprehensive doctor delegation actions, to reduce errors in prescriptions in hospitals. The focus should, therefore, be more on nursing and pharmacist laws. Additionally, provision of training to the various staff members in the hospitals is much necessary as it can increase their learning capabilities and dealing with the drugs in more responsible way. Such training facility to the human resource of the hospitals can further provide positive outcomes for various industries in public health with entrepreneurial potential. However, the moderating effect of gender between training facilities and industries in public health with entrepreneurial potential can also assumed a tentative contribution in the existing literature too.

Economic growths are often used to measure the development of a country. Thus, the economic growth is what every economy tries to achieve for good of everyone as a whole. In the other hand education, health and employment are one the most important tool for the economy growth. Thailand as developing countries concern about the economy growth and done an investment in through it. The general objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between education, health, employment and economic growth in Thailand from 1988 to 2017. The econometric method is used to examine the relationship between education, health, employment and economic growth. Unit root test indicate that all of the above variables are I (1). Johensen’s test was conducted to see the long run relationship between these variables. Meanwhile the relationship is test by using Ordinary Least Square and the Granger Causality test. The relationship between education with the economic growth are examine by using the literacy rate as education proxy variable. The health variable is examining by using the infant mortality rate, life expectancy and crude death rate with the GDP and the employment are examine by using the total employment rate with the GDP. As conclusion the results shows the positive relationship between the three variables with the economic growth and suggestion to the Thailand economic to do more investments in this variable. The findings of this study can be used to generate concrete policy reform suggestion and also used as guideline or example for other developing countries.

The prime objective of the current study is to examine the influence of infrastructure of transportation on economic growth for various countries in ASEAN. This influence differs in terms of administrative status and quality of infrastructure across the counties. GDP has been used as an economic growth measure in terms of per worker along with various kinds of infrastructure of transportation for years 2002–2017. Therefore, a short model has been incorporated with capital stock of railways and roads. Two variables have been incorporated to differentiate rods with different covering and quality. In the next step, the administrative status of roads has been distinguished. The results have revealed difficulty in interpretation because of the problem of endogeneity and reverse causality. Therefore, the research model was modified by including the lag values of variables of infrastructure of transportation for getting robust estimates. The unit root test has been performed and first differences in model ere used to obtain stationary time series. It was found that GRP per worker is greatly influenced by overall roads stock. This is because of the use of such roads for large traffic load. The regional growth of economy is greatly influenced by the light covering roads rather than national roads of similar quality/covering. The influence of local government’s quality was controlled on development of economy. The turnout of voters was used as proxy variable for the local government’s quality. It was found that the influence of infrastructure of transportation stock in the areas (where government is of better quality) has not much influence on GRP per worker. Different kinds of infrastructure of transportation have been shown by this research being the drivers of growth of economy in. The administrative status and quality of covering roads creates an influence on the growth of economy. Based on the findings of study, the following recommendations have been made. There is need to develop national roads to improve the economic performance. Further, there is need to improve the quality of countries. However, the influence of infrastructure transportation is high where the government has low quality and overall capital stock influence is high where the government is of good quality (Crescenzi, Cataldo, & Rodríguez, 2016). In future, researches can be conducted by focusing on the influences of other variables of infrastructure including electricity lines, supply of water and for long time periods. The future studies can work on investigating the network effect of transportation infrastructure in ASEAN.

The prime objective of the current study is to investigate the total sovereign debt on the economic growth of Thailand. Since domestic debt is considered to be an economic growth stimulator particularly during the period of recession, therefore, its instruments are intended to analyze in this research. In a country, the lack of funds may negatively influence economic growth, therefore, most countries like to use external debt to finance its expenditures, such as Thailand. This situation can be improved by focusing on these countries developmental research. In Thailand, the information scarcity regarding domestic debt acts as a policy constraint while designing an effective domestic debt mobilization policy. Thus, the present study predominantly aims to investigate the domestic debt effects on Thailand economic growth. The study has examined the domestic debt effects on the economic growth, during 1998-2018. The variables used in this study are extracted from the previous literature and the theoretical framework used in this study. The key variables analyzed are Treasury bills, Government securities, and Investment issues, not forgetting the loans mainly housing loans fund, market loans of Thailand. The study has used the Johansen and Juselius co-integration approach to examine the long run relationship while ECM approach was used to see the speed of adjustment in the short run. Furthermore, we have conducted the Lagrange Multiplier test to all variables to check the presence of autocorrelation. The results show that there is no autocorrelation in the variables. For the instrument of Government securities, we have found that all the variables which are financial sector, social security institutions, insurance companies, and financial sector show a statistically significant result in long run analysis. On the other hand, short run analysis based on ECM model shows that social security institution, insurance companies, financial sector and foreign holders turn to be significant while public sector show insignificant results. The result for ECM also shows that the model is well adjusted in the short run.

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) system of the economic security is required to form the path of efficient development of the Common Economic Space (CES). The aim of the study is to quantify economic security and develop measures to ensure macroeconomic stability of the EAEU member states. The index estimation method, cross-country comparisons of indicators, and the expert ranking method were selected for research. The authors’ method of calculating the integral index of economic security of an integration association has been presented, which includes three groups of indicators: development of the national economy, social and financial security. The results of the analysis have revealed that the highest level of economic security has been established in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. However, low GDP per capita in all EAEU countries, as well as low rates of GDP growth, production, industrial production, and value added in agriculture and gross capital formation in the largest EAEU member state – the Russian Federation, and a large volume of foreign currency borrowings in Belarus and Kyrgyzstan affect the level of economic security of the integration association. The most important threats to economic security have been identified as a result of expert ranking: tougher sanctions, depreciation of national currencies, and spontaneous migration processes. The results of the study allow the authors to conclude that measures must be developed to coordinate monetary policies, as well as to expand integration in the social and labor spheres.

Contemporary attempts to develop securely and sustainably requires new approaches towards driving factors of development, especially related to human behavior. Sustainable entrepreneurship concept becomes topical. For business practitioners and researchers it is associated with the ability to discover new opportunities for self-realization and creation of economic and social value for both consumers and the organization, country, region and the world. Entrepreneurship is a qualitative social feature that includes human abilities to build and develop innovations and business. Each country’s or region’s level of economic development is linked to entrepreneurial competencies of community. Cautious use of scare resources, social responsibility have to become integrated into sustainable entrepreneurship concept. Under such circumstances it is important to identify the key success factors of sustainable entrepreneurial, because promotion of sustainable entrepreneurship is becoming one of the cornerstones of strategy of Europe aimed to become the most competitive economy in the world. Comparing European and USA development potential, one of the main reasons for the backwardness of the EU has been identified lack of entrepreneurship. Scientists investigating the concept of sustainable entrepreneurship and its components expose to the problem, which is more integrated approach that reflects the reality. Therefore paper aims to present the concept of sustainable entrepreneurship formulated taking into account secure and sustainable development context and identify key success factors for sustainable entrepreneurship in the global economy. This paper presents and combined different approaches of scientists exploring the key success factors for sustainable entrepreneurship in the contemporary global economy.

The scientific discussions in existing literature focusing on sustainable development are vast. The broad focus of sustainable development has raised the need to develop indicators which allow measuring the progress towards sustainability and evaluating policies intended to support sustainability. This research aims to analyse and determine the relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and some of the sustainable development indicators partly comprised in the Sustainable Society Index (SS1). Using data for the period of 2001-2010 from selected eleven EU countries, the goal of this paper to shed some light on the main shortages of the HDI as a measure of sustainable development. The findings of this research show that in most cases the HDI ignores sustainable development indicators, making it a partly fit measure and that there are no cases where the HDI can be described as an absolutely correct measure of sustainable development.