Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

The article considers the digital economy as the main factor in the development of small and medium-sized businesses. The programs of the digital economy of various foreign countries were explained. Methods of effective development of the digital economy are studied. The importance of the digital economy in modernizing traditional industries and services is emphasized. Mixed financial transactions have organized by continuous penetration of information in technologies and its role in the development of small and medium-sized businesses have described. In Kazakhstan, the problems of introduction and dissemination of the digital economy in the sphere of small and medium-sized innovative entrepreneurship are discussed: the lack of infrastructure to promote domestic developments, underestimation of innovative activity by domestic entrepreneurs. The digital economy characterized as one of the manifestations of scientific and technological development of Kazakhstan. It provides for a significant favorable impact of digitalization on the development of small and medium-sized innovative entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. In the digital economy, the main attention paid to one of the most important conditions for the effective development of the leading branches of human activity - the formation of an appropriate institutional environment. The main institutions, personnel and conditions for the use of knowledge for the successful development of the digital economy outlined

The aim of the research is to assess convergence processes of a social-economic security indicator in Latvian municipalities and its components in the period 2011–2015, calculated as an integral indicator on the basis of primary statistical indicators. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that social-economic security establishes not only the sustainable economic development of the country as a whole, but also the state of protection from internal and external threats. Municipalities, implementing their autonomous functions, are primary guarantors of social-economic security of the people. The convergence of social-economic security of municipalities implies the process of their convergence in time according to the values of the level of social-economic security.

Vietnam is still classified as a low-income country with GDP per capita at 2,587 USD in the year 2018, as per the classification by World Bank Atlas method. Therefore, industrialization is set as an appropriate policy for economic development. In Vietnam, industrial zone establishment is planned, developed and controlled by the state in order to accelerate the industrialization process. This article discusses about the importance and impact of industrialization and ongoing internal migration, as a result of industrial development, on socio-economic development by reviewing the relationship among them using multivariate statistical and comparative research methods. Case study research methodology has also been used by the researchers to examine the positive and negative impacts of immigration on infrastructure of destination locality. The article presents the statistical data and the practical experience gained in Binh Duong province which has a huge number of industrial zones and with highest in-migration rate in the country; a detailed analysis of the challenges faced by local governments is presented with the appropriate recommendations for policymaking.

One of the most essential strategic resources of the company is the knowledge that is used and developed within the company, creating innovations, and can be transferred among other companies, organizations, industrial sectors, and countries. The key reason for this spill over is the vulnerability of knowledge transfer channels. Knowledge is quickly transmitted through the media, scientific publications, reverse engineering, R&D cooperation, interaction between staff of various firms, companies, and organizations. In addition, knowledge cannot fully belong to the organization. R&D spillovers have a positive impact on innovation development; promote access to knowledge and its dissemination on a non-profit basis which enhances R&D cooperation between different economic entities, organizations, countries in the field of innovation diffusion. The contribution of R&D spillovers to achieving innovation development, the relationship between knowledge spillovers, innovation and R&D cooperation have been thoroughly examined. Differences between knowledge spillovers, knowledge transfers, and knowledge externalities have been identified. Types of R&D spillovers and levels of knowledge spillovers have been considered. Mechanism and theories of knowledge spillovers and local competition have been analysed. Comparative, systematic and critical analysis of scientific literature has been used in order to create the theoretical background for research of R&D spillovers and their impact on innovation development and economic growth.

The paper is devoted to the empiric assessment of social-economic security of administrative areas in Latvian municipalities. A generalized integral index of social-economic development of the territory of municipalities has been elaborated. This index was used to carry out the assessment of the level of social-economic security of Latvian municipalities in 2011 and in 2015 in order to identify priorities for the strategy of social-economic security.

Rural areas are particularly important for ensuring sustainability and smart development of a state as a whole. The present study reflects the quantitative and qualitative assessment of smart growth challenges in the region of Latgale (Latvia) at the level of 19 districts. Worked out within the framework of the Latvian National Research Programme EKOSOC-LV, the present study focuses on smart growth as a tool for risk prevention and the use of opportunities in regional development within the framework of the concept of smart specialization. The research aim is to estimate the risk factors that influence the formation of a smart territory and to analyse the interrelationship of quantitative indicators and expert opinions. By analysing the theoretical principles, the regional actors’ recommendations, taking into account the research group participants’ and regional experts’ findings, the authors characterize the processes and the risks of smart development, as well as make assumptions about the development of the desired situation. The significant risk in the development of Latgale region is the decline in its population. At the same time, the results of the research show that the population is the most important cornerstone of smart growth of the rural territories in Latgale region. Both the objective data processing (statistical analysis) and the subjective point of view (the results of the expert survey) highlight a number of significant risk factors for promoting smart regional space and the growth of knowledge-based economy: the insufficient development of the population’s economic activity particularly in the knowledge-based segment, and the small population size. The assessment of various challenges and risks in the regional development of Latvia, as well as the integrated application of quantitative and qualitative approaches allows for the elaboration of a comprehensive vision of the smart growth processes in Latgale region of Latvia. The quantitative assessment is based on the establishment and testing of the integrated index (Smart Development Index). The qualitative assessment is based on the regional experts’ opinions summarized by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process methodology. The research results have both scientific and practical applicability in promoting smart development in rural areas. First of all, the results of the study offer a possible methodological solution for the assessment of smart development. Secondly, the obtained scientific experience can be used for solving practical problems at the level of the districts of Latgale region.

The issue of attracting investments is one of the key issues in modern society. The global experience shows that sustainable economic development and growth are determined by the volume and structure of investments. Therefore, the study into the investment environment where the investment activity happens – the investment climate, is becoming increasingly relevant. The prerequisites for the study into the investment climate have been formed since the Keynesian economic theory; studies into the investment climate have become widely spread in modern economic theories. Starting with the Keynesian economic theory and until modern theories of investments, the factors that influence the investment climate can be divided into two groups: investment potential and investment security of the region. According to the outcomes of the factor analysis of Latvia’s regions (Riga, Pieriga, Vidzeme, Kurzeme, Zemgale, and Latgale regions), Lithuania’s regions (Vilnius, Alytus, Utena, Panevezys, Kaunas, Klaipeda, Marijampole, Taurage, Telsiai, Sauliai counties), and Belarus’ regions (Vitebsk, Grodno, Mogilev, Minsk, Gomel, and Brest oblasts, and Minsk city), the factor of socioeconomic security is adeterminant of regional differences in the investment climate.

Network capital is a little explored phenomenon, but it is difficult to imagine the existence of man and society without networking effect. Network capital is a special type of social capital, its new branch in the e-society, the result of scientific and technical progress, in particular, the development of information and communication technologies (ICT). Network capital has a huge impact on the formation of modern society, accelerating and facilitating the development of globalization process and processes of global resource sharing and redistribution. Due to this positive influence, it blurs boundaries between global and local problems, creating new opportunities beyond the limitations of space or time, contributing to the economic development of enterprises at the local, regional and global level. Thereby becomes topical the necessity for a more efficient management of network capital, as well as the need to develop methods of its measurement and analysis. In the first part of the paper, authors examined the relevance of network capital phenomenon and generalized examples of its use in the modern e-society. In the second part of the article authors identified place of network capital in the context of aggregate capital, conducted a literature review, summarizing the main principles and concepts of network capital theory. The literature review showed that the role and possibilities of network capital development are poorly understood, a very small number of researches have been carried out on the subject and they do not present enough empirical analysis. The differences in terminology and interpretation of the phenomenon was revealed as well. In the third part of the article, authors analysed dynamics of the main ICT infrastructure indicators and indicators, which effect the development of network capital. The research helped to identify the main trends in network capital infrastructure changes over the past 10 years, as well as to ascertain the main problems and imbalances in its development. The analysis showed that between network capital and economic development of the country presents a very strong logarithmic dependence. At the end of the article authors presented conclusions on the work done. The paper is a preparatory base for further research in the field of network capital.

The article is devoted to the research and assessment of the development of the triple partnership between the participants

The Žilina region is located in north-western Slovakia. Considering the amount of GDP, unemployment, employment and average wage, it belongs among the medium-performance regions in Slovakia. FDI is considered one of the factors promoting its sustainable development, economic performance and balancing regional differences. A positive aspect of FDI in terms of regional development is the fact that they contribute to an efficient allocation of resources, as investors are directing their investments in those regions where they expect the achievement of economies of scale. FDI began to increasingly flow to the Žilina region after 2004, in connection with the arrival of KIA Motors and establishing its subcontracting partners. The aim of this article is to point out the condition and development of economic performance and FDI in the Žilina region, and to demonstrate a causal relationship between FDI and the sustainable development of the region.