Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation

This paper addresses the problem of experimental reproducibility in the study of blast effects during explosive tactical breaching. In real conditions, breaching charges exhibit significant variability, which complicates the comparison of measured pressure responses and limits systematic research. The study investigates whether real breaching charges can be replaced by standardized spherical charges with an equivalent TNT effect. Experimental measurements were carried out in a training facility using pressure sensors, and the results were evaluated in terms of peak overpressure, impulse, and pressure-time history. The findings indicate that standardized charges provide comparable blast characteristics, with differences within acceptable limits. The proposed approach enables more reproducible experiments and creates a basis for further research on structural resilience and human exposure to repeated blast loading.