Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation

The paper presents the Virtual Reality (VR) - Augmented Reality (AR) Simulator Kit designed for Call for Fire (CFF) training within the framework of fire support. It describes the system’s modular architecture, the use of mixed reality, voice control, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) based analysis of standardized CFF communication. Pilot validation confirmed the technical functionality of the solution, as well as its ability to objectively assess procedural correctness and monitor reaction time and error rates. Its main contribution lies in linking immersive training with the broader context of fire support command and control. The originality of the paper consists in integrating VR/AR, AI, and analytical evaluation into a single training ecosystem.

This article focuses on describing and providing a basic overview of approaches to teaching military history at the Armed Forces Academy. Based on a content analysis of the curriculum and literature devoted to history, authors offer insight into selected approaches to teaching historical subjects. They describe three fundamental theoretical approaches through which history can be taught. They examine the differences between these approaches as well as their potential integration, which may help expand students’ ability to understand the various stages of the historical development of warfare. Authors analyze selected theoretical approaches, namely the chronological approach, the four generations of warfare approach, and the civilization waves approach. They outline their main characteristics and attributes. By combining these approaches in teaching, it is possible to help students develop a more comprehensive understanding of historical development within the process of training a professional soldier.

Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into military operations and planning processes has become a central focus in modern warfare.

This pilot study evaluates projection-based and virtual reality visualization in flight simulation using objective performance metrics and NASA-TLX workload assessment. A within-subject design with eight pilot students was used to verify a segment-based evaluation framework. Results indicate that virtual reality supports more stable control with lower variability, while projection-based display enables higher accuracy relative to predefined targets. Workload remained low to moderate in both conditions. The findings suggest that visualization modality influences control strategy and support the suitability of the proposed methodology for further research and application in simulation-based pilot training.

Artificial intelligence is used in a variety of fields: planning operations, helping commanders make decisions, etc. However, the use of artificial intelligence in warfare faces to internationally recognized human rights, the Law of War and the Rules of Engagement. The purpose of this work is to attempt to highlight certain ethical, moral, and legal issues that may be relevant to the development and use of artificial intelligence for military purposes. Since there are not enough investigations related to such fields, this paper will be based on the analysis of the use of robots.