Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation

The issue of preventing major chemical accidents has been dealt with in the Czech Republic (and in the former Czechoslovakia) for a long time. The first law on this issue was already issued in 1999 on the basis of the European directive SEVESO I from 1982. Many serious chemical accidents from abroad and in the Czech Republic are well known and documented in the professional literature. The new valid law on the prevention of major accidents from 2015 also deals with the protection of the population in emergency planning zones. The implementation of these measures and the level and quality of population protection in emergency planning zones is different. The modelling of emergency impacts also helps to increase the protection of the population in the named zones. A whole range of different SW products and tools are used for this, in the Czech Republic they are mainly the domestic SW tools TerEx and ROZEX-Alarm, or the freely available American ALOHA. Some calculations in the article on the most hazardous industrial toxic gases, toxic vapors or toxic aerosols show how serious a safety issue it is from the point of view of population protection in emergency planning zones. These security issues are discussed in detail in the professional article. In the draft part, the authors present their own previously unpublished set of real, thought-out and justified new or improved measures to increase safety in emergency planning zones in case of possible chemical accidents. Unfortunately, it must be noted that the area of "population protection" is not covered by a separate law in the Czech Republic, while in Slovakia such a law has existed since 1994.