Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation

The paper examines the role of Polish artillery in a multi-domain battlefield. It uses literature and doctrinal analysis to assess how integration across land, air, sea, space, cyber, and cognitive domains affects artillery effectiveness. Findings show that artillery is increasingly dependent on interoperability, information flow, and systemic resilience. The study highlights new threats and opportunities, including A2/AD development. It concludes that multi-domain integration, rather than firepower alone, determines future combat effectiveness.

The paper examines the role of the University of Defence as the academic engine of a Multi-Domain Concept Centre supporting Multi-Domain Operations in a small-state context. Using document and comparative analysis and stakeholder workshops, it proposes a Concept Development and Experimentation–driven framework integrating doctrine, experimentation, capability planning, and education. Findings show that academic leadership enhances methodological rigor, interoperability, and knowledge transfer. The paper presents an original NATO-aligned model for sustainable multi-domain concept development.

This article analyses how the evolving Arctic security environment generates new requirements for the intelligence staffs of non-Arctic North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) armies, using the Czech Army as a case study. Drawing on doctrinal analysis, scenario-based assessment, and a review of intelligence education, it identifies a structural mismatch between land-centric intelligence practice and the Arctic’s multi-domain, hybrid, and environmentally extreme operational character. The article concludes that non-Arctic allies require proportionate doctrinal adaptation, differentiated professional education, and a limited but credible Arctic intelligence capability.

The capabilities of tanks have significantly changed due to the emergence of new technologies and evolving tactical requirements on the modern battlefield. These changes have raised debates about whether tanks can adapt to contemporary warfare or whether their era is coming to an end. Despite increasing vulnerability to unmanned aerial vehicles, loitering munitions, and advanced anti-tank guided missiles, tanks continue to play an important role in land operations. This article argues that the survival and relevance of tanks in modern warfare depend on continuous innovation in protection, firepower, and mobility. Drawing on historical theory, recent conflicts, and modern technological developments, the written work demonstrates that tanks remain a decisive component of combined-arms operations when properly modernized.

The paper discloses theoretical approach of multi-domain military operations (later – MDO) and how it might be used by small NATO countries. Hereby NATO MDO is being understood as multinational approach, operational goal focused, joint armed force operations. Additional to this future warfare insights are being provided revealing difficulties of small NATO countries facing MDO or even higher level of military operations. In order to meet the goal of the article content analysis was executed disclosing various perspective on MDO and its’ application using official, public available information sources. The results of the paper determine difficulties for small NATO countries to execute MDO or even higher profile operations and for this case its’ leads to necessity to integrate national armed forces into bigger ones like NATO alliance. Final outcome of the paper disclose that modern warfare requires more than just MDO but rather joint all domain operations (later – JADO). Hereby JADO is new venue to face future conflict which goes beyond military domain and for this purpose small countries have to adopt accordingly.