Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues

This research aims to investigate the integrated reporting (IR)quality on European firms and whether there is an improvement on (IR)quality from 2016 to 2017. Using 63 firms in the period of 2016 and 2017, the content analysis method then applied to evaluate the quality of 126 integrated reports. This results then used to investigate whether there is an improvement of the integrated reporting quality from 2016 to 2017. The research findings show that the European firms, on average, published a moderate quality of integrated report. There is also improvement in integrated reporting quality from 2016 to 2017, but partially only, especially for readibility and clarity of document and content element area.

National competitiveness is a multisided concept that includes a system of indexes, indicators, criteria, conditions and factors of development, mechanisms of its improvement. Competitiveness consists of a number of components that supplement each other and ensure steady economic growth, improving the welfare of the population. These are: science and education, innovation and investments, various infrastructure, real economy sector, small business, various services, natural and human resources. The objective of necessity to perform reforms at the regional level and the natural increase of the role of the regions in reforming the economy are predetermined by the fact that the ability of state bodies, ministries and departments to influence the course of reforms is gradually limited, and the new market mechanism is not working enough effectively yet. This shows the necessity of determination of the role and place of the region in the economic space, its potential possibilities and development prospects.

In the tourist practice, the information support of tourism activities provides the comfort of tourist services and the attractiveness of the region enhances the motivation of consumers to visit this territory, which leads in the development of entrepreneurship. The development of tourism demand accelerates diversification in the economy creates new types of proposals in entrepreneurship. Non-governmental organizations in Kazakhstan, as well as all over the world, can play an active role in the promotion of regions, the individual settlements and the events. The latest advances of telecommunications, network organizations, the creation and processing of databases and e-marketing provide new business opportunities in the tourism sector. Therefore, the main sphere of changes and innovations in the sphere of tourism is connected with using of information and communication technologies. Kazakhstan with its unique natural resources and original culture of the nomadic people has a huge untapped potential for tourism development in the international and regional markets. Tourism as a type of business in the Republic of Kazakhstan is recognized as one of the priority branches of the economy at the state level. Modern trends in the development of the industry is consisted in the fact that tourists who have studied well the most famous resorts of the world are eager for those countries where the tourism sector is just beginning to develop. At the present stage of tourism development, Kazakhstan is becoming a more attractive country for lovers of extreme species and / or ethnographic tourism. The tourist potential of recreational resources, historical and cultural heritage may allow Kazakhstan to harmoniously integrate into the international tourist market. It can ensure stable employment and income growth, stimulate the development of related industries and lead to an increase in investment flows in the national economy.

In this article assumption is being made that economic structure of economy affects economic security of a country. The main exported goods of Kazakhstan for the period 2000-2015 is the commodity group “Mineral products”, which accounts for no less than 65.8% of total exports of Kazakhstan. And in Kazakhstan’s economy is currently experiencing a clear decline due to the instability and decline in world oil prices. One solution to the government of Kazakhstan has chosen the conduct of the national currency devaluation in February 2014 and August 2015. Down conjuncture of oil prices since 2014 has ceased to be favorable, and in Kazakhstan, only 5% of the oil sold in the domestic market and almost all the oil produced in Kazakhstan is exported at a rate of 95%. In the presented paper authors consider the problem of diversification of the Kazakhstani economy, which actually depends on raw industry. The analysis of the current situation and recommendations for further reforming of economy are provided.

International migration has become a key challenge and concern in the European Union (EU) and most part of the word. On the one hand, the freedom to move to another Member State is the right guaranteed for all the EU citizens. On the other hand, emigration or immigration is a longstanding concern for policy makers in many countries. Generally, human capital is one of the future sustainable competitiveness resources. Moreover, now, as the Lisbon Strategy is being replaced by the new EU strategy Europe 2020 for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth (2010), there is evidence that mobility in the EU will increase. In order to achieve the goals of the strategy Europe 2020 (2010), especially employment target, the flagship initiative “Youth on the Move” places a lot of emphasis on mobility as in moving to another country to study, train or work. The perceptions of this research show that growing mobility can be followed with new migration trends in the future. Moreover, no single answer to the question what level of migration (emigration or immigration) should be tolerated in the context of sustainable developing economy could be provided. This research not only confirms this observation and theoretical problem of “sustainable migration” but goes much further by discussing the reasons why one of the highest emigration rates in the EU happened to be found in Lithuania.