Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues

Education is an inevitable aspect for any country and without it; no country can flourish and grow effectively. Therefore, the quality of education must not be compromised. As the impact of human development, public spending on education and trained teachers’ availability is being studied in context of quality of education, a whole study and research plan has been prepared by the author. Data collection process involves the gathering of data from Asian countries for 25 years from reliable data bases. After data collection, several tests and approaches were used for the analysis of data. LLC unit root test was applied for order of integration and stationarity of data, Kao cointegration test was applied to find out cointegrated and long run relationships between the variables and finally DOLS estimation approach was used to measure the relationship between the variables. According to the results of these tests, it has been found that the variables that have significant impact on quality of education include human development, public spending on education, trained teachers’ availability and literacy rate. In the last, several theoretical, practical and policy making implications have been discussed by the author. Different limitations have also been identified and future research recommendations have also been given for the assistance of other researchers.

Renewable energy is not only cost effective but also plays vital role in decreasing the pollution. Most of the developing countries struggle with the energy supply for the cities. The introduction of renewable energy resources will not only meet the increased city demand of energy but also helps in making the smart city. Information and communication technologies help in efficient communication and work using different soft wares. The better the Information and communication technologies services in the country the better will be the chance of generating the smart cities in Asia. Emission of CO2 contributes to the pollution and thus, the global warming. If the government, make better policies and communicate it with e-governance with the people of the country then there will be the chances of making the smart cities in the Asia. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of three dependent variables including state legitimacy, democracy and public services on the independent variables on the quality of the education. The data was collected from ten different Asian countries including are incudes Pakistan, India, China, Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Maldives, Indonesia, Saudi Arab, Kazakhstan, Syria, Qatar and Iraq. The timeline of the study is 26 years from 2019 and the data was collected from The Economic Form, The World Bank reports as well as the Transparency International. The analysis was performed by using IBM-SPSS and various statistical tests were applied including LLC, cointegration test diagnostic checks, correlation matrix and PCSE estimation test and sys-GMM. The results of our study showed positive association of dependent variables on the formation of smart cities in Asia. The results of our study have social, political and economic implications.

Our paper focuses on the threats to the global development and sustainable economic development of a country that might include economic, political, human development, as well as sustainable development issues and problems. Sustainable economic development might serve as a tool for fostering the country’s prosperity and helping it to overcome various threats that might stem from its geolocation, economic situation, natural resources, as well as many other internal and external factors that all play their decisive roles. The paper uses a case study of the United States as an example of the country vulnerable to a plethora of threats. It analyzes the most crucial threats one by one and classifies the most notorious and impending issues stemming from these threats that might hamper the economic growth and development. In particular, we focus on the issue of energy security and the renewable energy sources (RES) that represent an important aspect in this debate and research. Our results can be used by the policymakers as well as regional development managers for improving the security strategy.