Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

The mass influx of refugees from Ukraine to Poland, caused by Russia’s aggression on February 24, 2022, has resulted in the application of solutions in the field of refugee law on a massive, unprecedented scale. Previously developed Polish regulations regarding the rules for granting protection to this category of people turned out to be insufficient, and the legislator decided to immediately develop new solutions for the protection of refugees from Ukraine, which were included in the Act of March 12, 2022 on assistance to citizens of Ukraine in relation to an armed conflict on the territory of that country. The provisions of this legal act constitute lex specialis in relation to the Act of June 13, 2003 on granting protection to foreigners in the territory of the Republic of Poland. The article defines a general outline of the so-called refugee law, also from a historical perspective, and includes an analysis of Polish regulations in the field of granting temporary protection to Ukrainian citizens in relation to the European Union standards. The correctness of such solutions was also evaluated.

Vietnam is still classified as a low-income country with GDP per capita at 2,587 USD in the year 2018, as per the classification by World Bank Atlas method. Therefore, industrialization is set as an appropriate policy for economic development. In Vietnam, industrial zone establishment is planned, developed and controlled by the state in order to accelerate the industrialization process. This article discusses about the importance and impact of industrialization and ongoing internal migration, as a result of industrial development, on socio-economic development by reviewing the relationship among them using multivariate statistical and comparative research methods. Case study research methodology has also been used by the researchers to examine the positive and negative impacts of immigration on infrastructure of destination locality. The article presents the statistical data and the practical experience gained in Binh Duong province which has a huge number of industrial zones and with highest in-migration rate in the country; a detailed analysis of the challenges faced by local governments is presented with the appropriate recommendations for policymaking.

The aim of the present paper is to present preliminary results of the pilot research pertaining to the assessment of the fundamental elements of the local security system, the research being conducted by the authors on the statistically significant sample (4 400 persons) of the inhabitants of local communities of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodeship (an administrative unit in Poland). Since the research was very extensive indeed, the present paper contains only a fragment of its results. It transpired that the sense of security of the members of the local communities of the Kuyvian-Pomeranian voivodeship is at a relatively high level. With the assumed scale (ranging from 1 to 10), the greatest number of respondents assessed it at the level of 8 points, and the absolute majority of them assessed it at least at the level of 6. Among all the elements assessed, it was the operations of fire fighters that were evaluated as best. What was assessed as definitely the worst was the functioning of health care and of non-governmental organizations. What came as a sort of surprise are relatively poor (given the allegiance to tradition exhibited by Polish society) scores given to the influence of the Church on the sense of local communality, with a relatively frequent scores falling in 1-4 range. The research method thus put forward by the authors is innovative since it offers a combination of so-called hard elements of security elements with barely measurable sense of security, as assessed by particular persons. A relatively large research sample ensures that the results are significantly informative.

The article presents the nature of regional conflicts as one of the types of social conflicts in the context of traditional (naturalistic) and activity approaches. The authors reveal a number of conditions that determined the reasons for use of social conflicts in the second half of the 20th century, as well as the features of the increased demand for them in terms of solving the problems generated by contemporary globalization processes. Particular attention is paid to the threat posed by the attempts of a number of countries to use regional conflicts in order to demonstrate their power to the rest of the world. The article presents the analysis of the reasons contributing to the transformation of regional conflicts into an attribute of global instability, as well as considers the prospects of the formation of a multipolar world arrangement model, where the very possibility of regional conflicts could be minimized.

On May 1st, 2004, Poland and 9 other countries became members of the European Union. The new economic and institutional conditions resulting from this event had a tremendous impact on Poland’s macroeconomic performance. Poland is the biggest beneficiary of the European Cohesion Policy in 2007-2013. This paper aims at evaluating the scope and strength of cohesion policy’s impact on the macroeconomic situation of Poland. Authors attempt to assess the economic benefits of Poland’s membership in the EU (focusing particularly on those related to impact of the cohesion policy’s implementation). Additionally, the article presents the benefits derived by the EU-15 countries from the implementation of the cohesion policy in Poland. Authors focus, inter alia, on assessing the impact of Poland’s membership in the European Union on macroeconomic situation of the country. The assessment of the said impact is based both on the analysis of selected studies of the subject and on authors’ own research based on available statistical data. Within such a context, authors discuss the results of three research projects – commissioned by the Polish Ministry of Regional Development – which attempt to evaluate the impact of the EU cohesion policy on selected macroeconomic indicators.