Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

State security is a key issue both for the state as an entity and for its inhabitants. The economic security of the state is a particularly important component which can manifest itself on many different levels. The most important of them is financial security. This aspect of security is relevant as in modern economies money is the key value. Therefore, the financial security of the state is a component of economic security, but at the same time its key determinant. The level of financial security, which in the simplest terms is an ability to raise funds when needed, is influenced by a number of factors, the most important of which are the stability of the financial sector, the size of public debt, as well as the size and structure of the country’s foreign exchange reserves. This paper attempts to analyze individual factors that affect the condition of financial security of the state. In the next part, a structural analysis of the most important aspects of the state’s financial security was performed. The research showed that the state of Poland’s financial security could now be assessed quite highly, but the effectiveness of all the measures taken by the government and the central bank to date would be verified in the near future through the development of the situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Agriculture constitutes a very important sector in the Slovak economy that generates in addition to the basic food production also services, provides jobs, has a significant impact on regional development and provides nutrition of the population. One of decisive factors influencing the economic stability of agriculture is production efficiency which is strongly linked to support policy, through which partially is ensured the financial availability of enterprises. The use of subsidies by the EU is very important tool for ensuring economic sustainability of agriculture in the Slovak Republic conditions. The aim of this paper is economic evaluation of primary agricultural production in manufacturing and economic conditions in the Slovak Republic and their alternative comparison with selected EU Member States. The paper also refers to differences in level of subsidies in selected countries in the EU and their impact on possibilities of investing funds into the production development. Our calculations showed that without the intervention of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU (especially subsidy policy) would be Slovak agriculture economically unprofitable, what could lead to its failure.

Understanding of the tax burden in public finance is probably an important issue for the each country’s growth. It affects the public sector and the development of the country’s and individual citizens’ lives. Therefore a significant focus on the general development of the public finance studies is obviously increasing. Moreover that process is organized in connection with the relevant higher education and research programs. On the other hand the finance management education are treated differently in different countries. In some countries, social scientists are still debating whether the public finance management can be seen as an important educational and scientific branch of study. That is becoming increasingly important provision that such a discussion does not directly benefit the common development of financial education in recent years. One of the possible ways to deal with personal finances in different economic conditions could be changing attitudes to finance knowledge among students in universities. The young people could be supported by financial education programs that are clearly incorporated into their underground or postgraduate courses. The correct management of these programs helps to improve student and cadets learning experience and the economic well-being. Moreover the learning based on the public administration and the public finance probably educate patriots of the country and people intolerant to non-transparent activities of public servants. Eventually the best ways to determine the country consolidated tax paid by natural and legal persons could be the tax burden rate. Besides the financial data supplied to the main European Statistics Authority – the Eurostat – by the national statistical institutions sometimes can be not very correct. Therefore even more important could be an issue that an ordinary country’s citizen who is living only from the income related to the labour relations (or corresponding relations of income) obviously has the much higher tax burden. Then we have an increase of the direct taxes burden by almost twice versus the official country’s tax burden. However the additional tax burden includes hidden taxes related to the aggregated spending of an employee’s income inside the EU. In that case the tax burden for an average employee could approach up to the two-thirds of the total (work-related) income. Then “the freedom from the taxes day” can be relocated to the second half of the year for the ordinary worker. This perception of the tax burden can encourage each citizen of the country to be responsible for the all public servant activities and for budget planning processes.