Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues

The basis of every state is in its democratic system and ability to defend it. Therefore, a government has legal rights to immediately declare emergency situation, responding to crisis, catastrophes or unforeseen extraordinary events. The topicality of the research is determined by the emergency situation declared by the Cabinet of Ministers in 2019 in the administrative territory of Riga City in regard to waste management, in order to provide the Riga municipality with an opportunity to conclude negotiated procedure without prior publication. Even though state’s democratic system demands to act immediately in any case of such action, it must be legal since the public, whose life, health and property might be endangered, relies on it, as well as budget is spent on it. However, the mutual application of regulatory enactments in practise cause issues because it is not always clear how to identify and separate such situations and which regulatory enactment is applicable in each specific case. The aim of the research is to determine what is included in the definition of unforeseeable extraordinary events in the context of public procurement, when the government has rights to declare an emergency situation, what are the legal consequences of declaring emergency situation and provide suggestions for dealing with the issue highlighted by the research. In order to reach the set goal, the following tasks were defined: carry-out analysis of regulatory enactments, research the judicature of the European Union and Latvia, conclusions of legal scholars and evaluate the practice of legal act application. The research utilizes descriptive, comparative, dogmatic, historical, systemic, teleological method and analytical interpretation of regulatory enactments.

This study basically examines the relationship between government external debt, corruption, and ECNG in selected five ASEAN countries, by estimating the magnitude and direction of the regression relationship, as well as the causal relationship. In addition, as a contribution in the direction of government and economic policymakers, this study intends to proffer recommendations as to the efficient management of public resources, in order to cushion the adverse effects of external indebtedness on other macroeconomic variables and welfare standards. Such effects include high cost of servicing, corruption, and capital flight, considering that investors fear being highly taxed when debts get to a certain level by the government. The findings of the study have revealed the fact that the the negative results on the economy, there is need for addressing the threat of increasing debt by the government through using alternative sources of capital investment. This can include economy openness for capital and relaxing the import restrictions and increased valuable exports. Investment can be increased in the domestic economy and wealth can be created through realizing the in-tax revenue from capital imported, which is against the interest payment on external debt. Moreover, the investment can increase ECNG, which results in transfer of technology to the domestic economy increasing the probability of more employment opportunities.

In foreign studies Latvia is positioned as a “depressive” region in the year 2030, which will have an insufficient population of young people. Thus, Latvia as a country with a business-friendly environment will not be able to be competitive in relation to other European countries and the flow of investment will be at risk, as well as passed on other, more competitive and better developed regions in demographic terms. Therefore, it is pertinent to analyse the trends in youth employment in Latvia and to work on Latvia’s economic development. There is necessity to promote human involvement in the labour market and to reduce their departure to foreign countries. It is important to draw attention to these challenges and to find answers to the questions: Which of the youth employment-promoting scenarios can be realised in Latvia’s regions in the near future? Which of the scenarios is the most appropriate for the development of Latvia’s regions? Which of the scenarios are more focused on the interests of all parties involved? Which scenario will ensure the country’s economic development? Four possible scenarios for promoting youth employment in Latvia were evaluated by experts. The experts were asked to assess the criteria for each scenario by hierarchy analysis. The most optimal scenario for promoting youth employment in Latvia in the experts’ opinion is the scenario with EU participation. The main idea of the scenario is the effective use of European Union (EU) funding for youth mobility in the labour market organised by the State Employment Agency.

According to the EU Competition Policy Brief on the new state aid rules for a competitive aviation industry issued in February 2014, the regulation for the financial public subsidies of any art on the EU national or regional level for regional airports will be a considerably striker. The strategic aims of these new regulations, among other things, are to motivate and encourage the Member States (here: regional airports) to implement more efficient market stimulation measures, make airports work on cost efficient and profitable basis and establish transition periods for regional airports. In practice it means that public subsidies may be granted only to those regional airports that proved to have a sustainable and realistic business model that shall clearly demonstrate the durable financial stability. The authors took part in two air transportation initiatives in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) and were lead partner in the EU Project Baltic. AirCargo.Net, which deployed a number of empirical measures in selected regional airports in the BSR. This paper presents success factors of sustainable business development models for the regional airports in the BSR based on cases studied during the project lifetime

Issues of sustainable development and socially responsible business currently have been discussed a lot. Nevertheless there are no many evidences about causal relationships between social responsibility and profit. But it appears that companies begin to have strong stimuli to pursue social responsibility as a driver of value added in monetary terms. In this context, cause - related marketing obtains higher importance and can be employed for directing activities of profit seeking companies towards socially responsible activity. The presented paper is devoted to analyze Cause-Related Marketing (CRM). Numerous authors have tried to define Cause-Related Marketing concept to realize its field and to differentiate it from others terms. However, there is still no general agreement about the definition, content and scope of CRM, especially in countries such as Spain, where there is a higher conceptual confusion accentuated by translation errors. In this sense, the main objective of this paper is to review and complete the conceptual framework where the theoretical development of CRM is based.