Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademija

The internet creates a virtual space where individuals strive to capture their dreams, art, and culture. Within it, one can find the greatness and dignity of humanity, but also the baseness and wickedness that signify the decline of the spirit. The internet has drastically diminished the significance of space and distance in social interactions. It has enabled the crossing of temporal boundaries, provided anonymity in contacts, and facilitated access to previously inaccessible information, including open educational resources and sources of cultures different from one’s own. The language of digital media is a system of signs. Without understanding them, contemporary individuals become slaves, and their lives become meaningless and purposeless play. Illiteracy and low computer and media literacy can become sources of social and cultural manipulation on an unprecedented scale. Information networks connect not only universities, businesses, and people, but they have also become tools for playing out cultural, social, economic, political rivalries, as well as criminal and terrorist activities, and more recently, military actions. The COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have their dramatic images in the real world, but also in cyberspace. This article fills a gap in this area by addressing the issues of misinformation, media manipulation, propaganda, and infodemics. It presents a classification of security threats to children, youth, and adults and describes selected initiatives undertaken in this regard by the European Union. The author draws upon humanistic and social thought, pointing out avenues for analysis and ways to counteract negative consequences.

The article presents the current patterns in education of Prison Service officers on the example of one of the largest penitentiary units in Poland, i.e. the Penitentiary Facility in Włocławek. The tendencies and changes in provision by qualified staff in penitentiary system as a prerequisite of societal safety were defined due to analysis of data about education of officers of the Prison Service and penitentiary department in the years 1999–2019. In order to investigate the role of rehabilitation staff in the penitentiary system, it is important to assess the current distribution and structural changes in penitentiary staff which, in turn, can be crucial for achieving the objectives of the execution of the imprisonment penalty. To achieve and maintain societal safety, particularly security in penitentiary system it is important to consider changes in the capacity of the prisons. In this regard main positive trends are: increase of number and share of staff with special tertiary education affects the quality of the social rehabilitation work at the penitentiary facility; gender distribution of Prison Service staff tends to reflect distribution on prisoners; professional qualification of officers grows steadily. The main challenge for current penitentiary system in order to increase its educational impact on prisoners is hiring process which should be directed on attracting graduates of rehabilitation pedagogy and penitentiary pedagogy to work in the penitentiary department.

Economic growths are often used to measure the development of a country. Thus, the economic growth is what every economy tries to achieve for good of everyone as a whole. In the other hand education, health and employment are one the most important tool for the economy growth. Thailand as developing countries concern about the economy growth and done an investment in through it. The general objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between education, health, employment and economic growth in Thailand from 1988 to 2017. The econometric method is used to examine the relationship between education, health, employment and economic growth. Unit root test indicate that all of the above variables are I (1). Johensen’s test was conducted to see the long run relationship between these variables. Meanwhile the relationship is test by using Ordinary Least Square and the Granger Causality test. The relationship between education with the economic growth are examine by using the literacy rate as education proxy variable. The health variable is examining by using the infant mortality rate, life expectancy and crude death rate with the GDP and the employment are examine by using the total employment rate with the GDP. As conclusion the results shows the positive relationship between the three variables with the economic growth and suggestion to the Thailand economic to do more investments in this variable. The findings of this study can be used to generate concrete policy reform suggestion and also used as guideline or example for other developing countries.

Public finance, spending transparency and taxation revenue collection policy is an important issue for every country. Therefore, general education in these fields is very important, especially in the post-communist societies. As these social science disciplines influence the development of a country and citizens, many countries make the use of civic education and public understanding of financial study as a way to justify citizens’ responsibility. This paper raises and examines such cases and the subject of this scientific problem - public financial management as an important element of national education. Moreover, paid taxes and their spending create a clear microclimate in the society. Nevertheless, the real tax burden should be distributed equally. Obvious legal proceedings of the tax payment diversion in the public create additional tensions. The study also discusses financial education in Bachelor’s and Master’s degree study programs of social sciences for cadets (and students). The topics of public finance expenditure and procurement are becoming increasingly important in the 21st century. Proper social control of public procurement allows a public system to meet its needs in achieving important goals. The problem in many institutions is that procurement specialists carry out public acquisition with some problems that prevent from smooth execution of public sector expenditure management. Meanwhile, due to constant tension in the society caused by mismanaging expenditure (and therefore raising tax burden), prevailing non-transparent use of public finance and national budget deficit, public finance conceptualization is becoming crucial. Furthermore, it creates a direct benefit to the overall development of cadets and students’ education.

Understanding of the tax burden in public finance is probably an important issue for the each country’s growth. It affects the public sector and the development of the country’s and individual citizens’ lives. Therefore a significant focus on the general development of the public finance studies is obviously increasing. Moreover that process is organized in connection with the relevant higher education and research programs. On the other hand the finance management education are treated differently in different countries. In some countries, social scientists are still debating whether the public finance management can be seen as an important educational and scientific branch of study. That is becoming increasingly important provision that such a discussion does not directly benefit the common development of financial education in recent years. One of the possible ways to deal with personal finances in different economic conditions could be changing attitudes to finance knowledge among students in universities. The young people could be supported by financial education programs that are clearly incorporated into their underground or postgraduate courses. The correct management of these programs helps to improve student and cadets learning experience and the economic well-being. Moreover the learning based on the public administration and the public finance probably educate patriots of the country and people intolerant to non-transparent activities of public servants. Eventually the best ways to determine the country consolidated tax paid by natural and legal persons could be the tax burden rate. Besides the financial data supplied to the main European Statistics Authority – the Eurostat – by the national statistical institutions sometimes can be not very correct. Therefore even more important could be an issue that an ordinary country’s citizen who is living only from the income related to the labour relations (or corresponding relations of income) obviously has the much higher tax burden. Then we have an increase of the direct taxes burden by almost twice versus the official country’s tax burden. However the additional tax burden includes hidden taxes related to the aggregated spending of an employee’s income inside the EU. In that case the tax burden for an average employee could approach up to the two-thirds of the total (work-related) income. Then “the freedom from the taxes day” can be relocated to the second half of the year for the ordinary worker. This perception of the tax burden can encourage each citizen of the country to be responsible for the all public servant activities and for budget planning processes.

This paper is focused on the current state of opinions and positions on issues of education and development of commanders within the Lithuanian and Austrian Armed Forces. The contribution presents the results of a questionnaire survey entitled „Analysis of current situation, opinions and attitudes to the issue of education and development of military commanders (managers) of chosen subjects in subordination of the National Defence System of Lithuania“and „Analysis of current situation (opinions, attitudes) of the issue of education and developmet of managers (military leaders) of chosen subjects in subordination of the Austrian Armed Forces“. The selected areas provide a current overview of the opinions and attitudes of the views of awareness and opportunities for consultation, development of managerial skills and leadership managing at the beginning effect on the function, development needs, barriers, educational and development activities attendance and integration of new elements to training. Attention is paid to the methodology of Crew Resouce Management from a civilian and military point of view, its history, focus, aplication, etc. This paper focuses on the use of CRM at United States Navy and Marine Corps, United States Air Force, United States Army, United States Coast Guard and other world´s military services.

The presented paper aims to discuss new Lithuania’s in role taking presidency of the EU and to evaluate Lithuania’s development process. State of Lithuanian economy is being presented; aims of further development are identified. The context of other European countries is being taken into account. Authors rely on critical analysis of contemporary scientific literature and comparative statistics. Among driving forces affecting process of economic development investments of foreign origin and increasing level of education are being distinguished. Insights considering a role of the latter driving forces are being offered.

While labour market research is not a new phenomenon, interest in it is growing. Literature frequently discusses changes in the market as separate disciplines, isolated from each other. On the other hand, it can be found that more and more scientists understand and choose interdisciplinary research as a powerful tool for understanding, critique, explanation and change. But some of these approaches have difficulty accounting for change and the co- existence of similarity and diversity, as well as being ‘gender blind’.