Challenges to national defence in contemporary geopolitical situation

The paper deals with the investigation of parameters and influences for the system of evaluating the trafficability of vehicles through the terrain. Trafficability is one of the main aspects to ensure the movement of own troops, which falls into the main task of the Engineer troops - combat and general engineering support for all types of activities and operations of the army. Trafficability is the ability of a vehicle to move in rough terrain or on damaged roads and depends on many factors. The most used tool for determining trafficability in the Czech Army is the penetrometer. It is the PT-45 penetrometer, which is described in the Žen 2-16 Military Roads and Ways and the main evaluation criterion is the weight of the vehicle. Within the framework of international cooperation, soldiers encounter the manual FM 5-430-00-1 Design and design of roads, airports and heliports during events on the battlefield - road design, which works with a cone penetrometer and evaluates the throughput of the vehicle based on other factors such as properties of tires, ground clearance, engine power, etc. Inaccurate or incorrect evaluation leads not only to a stop the engagement of individual vehicles, but the entire convoy, which in terms of the operational task stops the manoeuvre and may lead to failure of the order. Therefore, it is important to know what parameters and influences have a fundamental influence on the system of evaluating the trafficability of vehicles, whether it would not be appropriate to add other aspects that will lead to higher accuracy of measurement, or, conversely, to exclude some. In solving this task, the authors decided to use the above-mentioned manuals and their evaluation systems. The objectives of the paper were achieved by analysis and calculations of individual parameters listed in these regulations, which affect the trafficability through the terrain, so that the degree of dependence is determined. It was found that some parameters have a major impact on trafficability and it is necessary to take into account even a slight change in these values. In contrast, other parameters are negligible as a result. These calculations confirm the suitability of updating the evaluation system for the telescopic penetrometer PT-45 to determine the trafficability of vehicles, so that it is possible to obtain more accurate results of measured values of the Czech army in the performance of tasks.

This article focuses on decision making to select the optimum variant of the product based on the evaluation of the criteria and the analysis of the variants of the product according to the available criteria. The introduction offers an overview of the existing method of multicriteria analysis, including a description of the principles on which the methods are based. The method of analysis was used for the optimal variant of the selection of Unmanned Ground Vehicle selection intended for military and rescue applications. Considering the properties of the described methods, the Saaty method was chosen for the intended analysis of the evaluation of the designed criteria and the determination of the weights of the groups of vehicle parameters. In addition, for the evaluation of available variants of the vehicle, the power function was applied using weights from the Saaty method for each parameter.

The paper deals with the theoretical problems of nonlinear dynamical systems with internal parameters, which can be called chaotic systems with some simplification. The science of chaos has a relatively short history and is not yet sufficiently reflected by experts in various fields, resp. The authors are confused with the terms confusion, coincidence, etc. The authors believe that in examining chaos, it is necessary to consistently distinguish systems, namely deterministic, stochastic, and chaotic. Specifically, possible and anticipated practical applications of chaos theory with a focus on the issue of congestion of traffic flows in road transport.

The article informs about the current development of raw materials needed for the production of tires, while its main goal is to acquaint and warn readers about the inappropriate choice of preference for all -season tires. The choice of all-season tires and their preference over standard footwear is often chosen by car users, mainly because of financial savings. At present, this type of footwear can be chosen by other drivers due to the current shortage of raw materials for tire production. Therefore, the intention of the a uthor of the article is to emphasize the controversy of preferring all-season tires in general, to specify their pros and cons with a focus on their reliability and safety.

An important strategic goal of the infrastructure development in the Czech Republic is the use of modern detection, diagnostic, information, control and security technologies based on intelligent transport systems (ITS), global navigation satellite systems and Earth observation systems. The modern transport system is based on a multimodal and intermodal approach. The individual modes of transport are being developed to form a coherent whole from the users’ point of view. Transport infrastructure and vehicles must be in good technical condition and equipped with intelligent technologies. Managing the process of transporting people and goods requires reliable transmission of information in real time. The transport system must also be operated in a secure manner, be prepared for risk and emergencies and have the ability to deal with security threats arising from illegal behaviour. The paper briefly shows the process of building ITS, the possibilities of using modern intelligent information, diagnostic, control and safety technologies in transport until 2027 with a view to 2050.

In this article, the influence of aggressive environments on a two-layer coating was investigated. Modern industry places high demands on quality control methods and coating properties during operation. It was established that the electrical resistance of epoxy composite samples depends significantly on the nature of the filler, the cohesive strength of the coatings, and the ambient temperature. We have determined the initial values of the volume resistance of epoxy composites and the temperature values when the samples lose their dielectric properties. The effectiveness of the use of electrospark water hammer treatment with the subsequent introduction of a bidisperse filler at optimal concentrations, which will increase the resist ance of protective coatings, is shown.

This paper presents the result of the study of network intrusion detection using machine learning algorithms. The creation and training of such algorithms is seriously limited by the small number of actual datasets available for public access. The CSE-CIC-IDS2018 data set, used in research, includes 7 subsets of different attack scenarios. Each subset is labeled using a few subtypes of a given attack or normal behavior. That is why the problem of network attack detection has been considered a multiclassification problem. Some of the most popular classifiers will be tested on the chosen data set. Classification algorithms are developed using a standard Python programming environment and the specialized machine learning library Scikit-learn. In the paper, a comparative analysis of the results was performed based on the the application of Random Forest, XGBoost, LR, and MLP classifiers.

This article deals primarily with the protection of the population in the Czech Republic, as it is a very important security area of the highest priority. The population protection system in the Czech Republic is briefly explained, which has been fully under the responsibility of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic since 2001, but a number of other central administrative authorities (ministries, special institutes and institutions, research institutes) are also involved in its implementation. In addition to legal standards and implementation decrees, the Czech Republic security strategy and the concept of population protection are also presented. A separate part is devoted to the last valid Population Protection Concept from 2021, and it is emphasized here that the concept places great importance on the population’s preparedness for dealing with extraordinary events and crisis situations. The Model Action Activity of the Integrated Rescue System in the Czech Republic is presented in the next section. Although many model action activities have already been published in the Czech Republic, unfortunately such a safety management plan has not yet been published for the extremely hazardous natural disaster „Tornado“. This subsection briefly explains how the Intergreted Rescue system intervenes in emergency and crisis situations. A separate part is devoted to the hazardous and strong tornado in Moravia in 2021, where a total of 6 people lost their lives and another 200 were injured, many were hospitalized. Material damage after the tornado’s rampage climbed to dizzying heights. The wave of solidarity with the affected population has reached unprecedented proportions not only in the Czech Republic. At the end of the contribution, the authors present their own proposal for the future, how to continue working in this area, from the preparation and convening of a national security conference in the Czech Republic to the preparation and publication of the Model Action Activity of the Integrated Rescue System in the Czech Republic in the disaster event of a tornado.

The large-scale war in Ukraine affected not only its socio-economic condition, but also the development of European countries and their security system. The purpose of the article is to define post-war socialization and develop directions for building a new security system in Ukraine and Europe to overcome the consequences of the war. General scientific methods were used for the research: the method of analysis, synthesis, systematization and comparison. The article proposes directions for the post-war revival of Ukraine and new elements of the European security system. The practical recommendations of the article can be used by the government of Ukraine, as well as by European institutions in the post-war period.

The military university type of education in the Czech Republic is provided by the University of Defence. As other universities, it has to deal with students prematurely leaving their studies. We have collected available data to assess students’ dropout rate. Using parametric and nonparametric methods, we identified that the highest leaving rate occurs during the first study year reaching a maximum after five and a half months from the studies beginning, then it gradually slows down. We assume that our results can help the academics and commanders to make timely decision and positively encourage the students in their studies.