Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues

The study includes an analysis of the functioning of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of financial security management of these entities. The article covers the identification of threats in the area of finances of the discussed enterprises that arose during the pandemic, as well as the assessment and approach to financial risk management in these entities. As a result, the key categories of threats to the financial security of enterprises, arising during the COVID-19 pandemic, were presented, as well as the assessment of the effectiveness of state services responsible for ensuring financial security. The study focuses on multidimensional data analysis in terms of their grouping and unraveling in terms of comparing the considered variables in terms of dynamics. Initial studies were performed by comparing several variables, and the data were analyzed not only during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also in the pre-pandemic period in terms of observing their fluctuations in dynamic terms, and the relationships between them were also examined.

The objective of this empirical research is to analyze the risk-return through financial ratios as determinants of stock price in ASEAN region. To address this purpose, business firms from Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore are selected with a sample of 10 firms in each state over 2012 to 2016. Multiple regression technique is applied to analyze the relationship between financial ratios and stock prices. It is observed that current ratio, quick ratio, assets growth, return on assets, return on equity, return on capital employed, and price to earning ratio are significant determinants of stock price. Although this study is a reasonable addition in existing literature of financial ratios as determinants of stock price. However, contribution of the study can be viewed through covering a gap from the context of ASEAN region, which is under reserachers attentions for stock price determinants. Core limitations of the study covers limited number of sample size and five years of time duration. Besides, some ratios are missing which can be reconsidered in upcoming studies. These ratios include debt ratios, interest payment ratios, and fixed cost covered ratios as well.

The internationalization practice of private public cooperation has been intensively studied since the 1960s. Due to increase in public capital flows, direct investments and competition in private services at that time active development of public and private cooperation has begun. This publication emphasizes the importance of a military training system quality and ways how to gain the better performance for the sustainable improvement. However diminishing long term allocations for training suppose new perception for different kind of qualification anticipated in the National Defense System (NDS). There are several good experience countries in the world which changed their army training system qualification assessments and purchased training service from private companies. Market research data showed that public-private partnership in military training is a new kind of military sustainable support possibility. There was a novel model laid in this paper for better military training system and private partnership evaluation.

Special features that options include are the main reason of their growing amounts trading in the financial markets. Options can be used in many imaginative ways to create various attractive investment opportunities. Empirical researches all over the world illustrated that options incorporate an insurance element not available in any other security and because of that they can be used by investors to create return distributions unobtainable with the strategy of allocating funds between fixed income securities and stock portfolios. But investor must understand that one of the main aspects of profitable trading in derivative securities is their proper evaluation and pricing. As the exact valuation of options is quite difficult, the article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of pricing of options. The purpose of the research is to adopt Monte Carlo simulation method to predict prices of plain vanilla options and to compare them to real option prices and option prices calculated using analytical Black-Scholes formula.