Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues

The article indicates the threats of crime on the Internet and the specificity of criminals’ activities. Moreover, the content of the work shows how dynamically crime is changing on the Internet and it may affect all users. Nevertheless, the youngest are the most vulnerable to the actions of criminals because they can easily trust a perpetrator, who wants to commit a crime against a minor. Today, we all use different websites more frequently because the current pandemic situation in the world shows that both study, play and work only takes place in the virtual world (Hofmolk 2009).Online crime is now very dynamic and dangerous due to the high number of victims that were affected this type of online crime. Each of us could fall victim to hackers more than once in the network, however, we managed to react and prevent entry into our devices and data theft. The most dangerous thing is that the perpetrators are often anonymous because finding these people is almost impossible due to their skills in this area. The police have many mechanisms to combat this phenomenon, however, in many cases it is impossible to confirm who was the perpetrator of the incident online. Identification in the network is very difficult to detect because the perpetrators do not leave behind any signs such as: fingerprints, image or voice. The aim of the article was to indicate new forms of crime on the Internet and to show the broad spectrum of activities of offenders on the Internet. It was also indicated how big is the dynamics of crime and the emergence of newer and newer forms of online activity.

The aim of the article was to determine the relationship between the occurrence of social pathologies (alcoholism, drug addiction, violence and aggression, poor financial standing, poverty, unemployment and crime) and the sense of security in local communities. The results of the research were put in the context of sustainable development. The article uses the method of diagnostic survey, with surveying as the technique and questionnaire as the tool for collecting empirical data. The survey covered 600 respondents in the following towns: Siedlce, Włocławek, Zamość, Piła, Ostrów Wielkopolski, Zgierz. The data obtained allowed to solve the research problem posed in the article and in an innovative way to demonstrate the relationship between the occurrence of basic social pathologies and their impact on the safety of the local community. The obtained results show that the respondents are aware of the occurrence of individual social pathologies in their local environment, as well as perceive their significant impact on functioning in the local community covered by the survey and have knowledge of the impact of negative phenomena on sustainable development. The article presents the author’s approach to the issue of finding out about social pathologies and indicating their influence on the sense of security in the local community, as well as their importance for sustainable development.

The aim of this article is to show the impact of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and how their support helps the police in activities for the security of our country. Let us ask ourselves whether drones, as these mobile devices, are able to support various types of campaigns carried out by many uniformed services in Poland faster and easier. The police, using the latest techniques for reconnaissance and operational activities, can successfully indicate that UAVs are very necessary and facilitate work, especially in difficult conditions that are difficult for humans. That is why the policemen are trained on an ongoing basis in the field of UAV service so that they can effectively use the equipment for work, which was also indicated in their tasks. Increasingly, monitoring of the so-called in advance, it allows you to quickly reach the threat or people who threaten and want to commit acts that do not comply with applicable law.

The purpose of this article is to present the role of the Border Guard in detecting vehicle smuggling on the Podkarpackie section of the Polish-Ukrainian border in 2014-2020. Organized transfer of stolen cars from the European Union to the territory of the Commonwealth of Independent States and introduction of cars to the Polish customs territory excluding customs and tax duties is one of the most important threats to the security of Poland and the European Union. Uncontrolled smuggling of stolen vehicles is concentrated mainly in larger border crossing points, and the disclosed attempts show with considerable professionalism, specialization and organization of criminal groups, often with international connections.

Company management is associated with a number of activities. Occupational health and safety management is one of these activities. Taking care of proper health and safety is not only the responsibility of an employer, but also significantly contributes to the quality and efficiency of work. The subject of this paper is an example of occupational health and safety management in the aspect of accident risk management on the example of a scrap metal collection and processing company. In the paper the use of the Spaghetti diagram to improve safety in the workplace was presented.

The subject of this article concerns the safety of mass events and is dictated by their increasing popularity. Mass events are organized at various levels of the territorial division and have a very diverse range. Their safe organization and course are important from the point of view of the country’s internal security. The authors provide novel insights into risk management peculiarities of mass events in designed to prevent possible terrorist activities.

In the present age, the phenomenon of pedophilia is a very important and as dangerous social issue, characterised by a complex and heterogeneous nature. It is an outcome of various factors inherent in the social, psychological, biological and cultural background, which constitute a homogeneous and coherent whole. Pedophilia polarizes social attitudes and leads to heated discussions. In the current reality, sexualisation of the child’s person is visible in the media, which can contribute to the unconscious perception of the child in terms of a sexual object. An important issue from the point of view of sociological considerations is to be able to answer questions about the etiology and symptomatology of the phenomenon.

Forecasting of monetary policy tools, including reserve money of the Central Bank of Poland, in order to optimise economic decisions made by business entities operating on this market, becomes a basic canon of knowledge, in order to minimise a risk of undertaken economic operations – is currently the area of our investigation. The article raises a problem of forecasting the reserve money of the Central Bank of Poland on the basis of initial information received from the National Bank of Poland. The studies started with analysis and evaluation of time series of reserve money of the Central Bank in Poland. Then the analysed series were divided into two parts. Based on obtained results, the researchers performed forecasting of the first part of separated time series of reserve money of the Central Bank in Poland with the use of different methods. The above mentioned time series consists of 132 elements. Later on, the researches chose the best forecasting method and that was the basis for initial time series forecasting of reserve money of the Central Bank in Poland in mil PLN in retrospective terms during 2010-2021 for the next 2021-2022 years.

The study includes an analysis of the functioning of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of financial security management of these entities. The article covers the identification of threats in the area of finances of the discussed enterprises that arose during the pandemic, as well as the assessment and approach to financial risk management in these entities. As a result, the key categories of threats to the financial security of enterprises, arising during the COVID-19 pandemic, were presented, as well as the assessment of the effectiveness of state services responsible for ensuring financial security. The study focuses on multidimensional data analysis in terms of their grouping and unraveling in terms of comparing the considered variables in terms of dynamics. Initial studies were performed by comparing several variables, and the data were analyzed not only during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also in the pre-pandemic period in terms of observing their fluctuations in dynamic terms, and the relationships between them were also examined.

State security is a key issue both for the state as an entity and for its inhabitants. The economic security of the state is a particularly important component which can manifest itself on many different levels. The most important of them is financial security. This aspect of security is relevant as in modern economies money is the key value. Therefore, the financial security of the state is a component of economic security, but at the same time its key determinant. The level of financial security, which in the simplest terms is an ability to raise funds when needed, is influenced by a number of factors, the most important of which are the stability of the financial sector, the size of public debt, as well as the size and structure of the country’s foreign exchange reserves. This paper attempts to analyze individual factors that affect the condition of financial security of the state. In the next part, a structural analysis of the most important aspects of the state’s financial security was performed. The research showed that the state of Poland’s financial security could now be assessed quite highly, but the effectiveness of all the measures taken by the government and the central bank to date would be verified in the near future through the development of the situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.